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it's five times faster than

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1 time

1. noun
1) (the hour of the day: What time is it?; Can your child tell the time yet?) hora

2) (the passage of days, years, events etc: time and space; Time will tell.) tiempo

3) (a point at which, or period during which, something happens: at the time of his wedding; breakfast-time.) momento; hora

4) (the quantity of minutes, hours, days etc, eg spent in, or available for, a particular activity etc: This won't take much time to do; I enjoyed the time I spent in Paris; At the end of the exam, the supervisor called `Your time is up!') tiempo

5) (a suitable moment or period: Now is the time to ask him.) momento

6) (one of a number occasions: He's been to France four times.) vez

7) (a period characterized by a particular quality in a person's life, experience etc: He went through an unhappy time when she died; We had some good times together.) época, período; momentos

8) (the speed at which a piece of music should be played; tempo: in slow time.) tempo

2. verb
1) (to measure the time taken by (a happening, event etc) or by (a person, in doing something): He timed the journey.) cronometrar

2) (to choose a particular time for: You timed your arrival beautifully!) escoger el momento de/para

•

- timeless
- timelessly
- timelessness
- timely
- timeliness
- timer
- times
- timing
- time bomb
- time-consuming
- time limit
- time off
- time out
- timetable
- all in good time
- all the time
- at times
- be behind time
- for the time being
- from time to time
- in good time
- in time
- no time at all
- no time
- one
- two at a time
- on time
- save
- waste time
- take one's time
- time and time again
- time and again

time¹ n

1. tiempo

what do you do in your free time? ¿qué haces en tu tiempo libre?

I haven't got time no tengo tiempo

2. vez

how many times have you been to Italy? ¿cuántas veces has estado en Italia?

take the tablets three times a day toma las pastillas tres veces al día

3. hora

what time is it? ¿qué hora es?

all the time todo el tiempo / constantemente

at times a veces

for the time being por el momento / de momento

from time to time de vez en cuando

it's time... es hora de que...

it's time you went to bed es hora de que te vayas a la cama

just in time justo a tiempo

on time a la hora

to have a good time pasarlo bien

to take your time tomarte el tiempo necesario

to tell the time decir la hora

time² vb calcular el tiempo / cronometrar

we timed the journey calculamos cuánto tiempo duró el viaje

El gerundio de time se escribe timing

time

tr[taɪm]

noun

1 (period) tiempo

■ I haven't got time to finish this no tengo tiempo para acabar esto

■ time flies when you're enjoying yourself el tiempo vuela cuando uno se lo pasa bien

■ what a waste of time qué pérdida de tiempo

■ in an hour's time dentro de una hora

2 (short period) rato

■ we spoke for a time hablamos durante un rato

■ you've been a long time has tardado mucho

3 (of day) hora

■ it's time to go es (la) hora de marchar

■ what time is it? qué hora es?

■ this time next week, we'll be on the beach la semana que viene a esta hora, estaremos en la playa

■ by the time he gets here, it'll be time to go home cuando llegue él, será la hora de volver a casa

4 (age, period, season) época

■ it's warm for the time of year hace bastante calor para la época del año

■ in Victorian times en la época victoriana

■ these are hard times son tiempos difíciles

5 (occasion) vez nombre femenino

■ how many times have you been to London? ¿cuántas veces has estado en Londres?

■ the last time I saw her,... la última vez que la vi,...

■ we left at the same time salimos a la vez

6 (suitable moment) momento

■ this is not really the time to talk about that no es el momento de hablar de eso

7 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL compás nombre masculino

■ you're out of time has perdido el compás

8 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL la hora de cerrar

■ time now please! ¡hora de cerrar!

9 familiar (imprisonment) condena

■ he did time for robbery when he was young cumplió una condena por robo cuando era joven

transitive verb

1 (measure time) medir la duración de, calcular; (races, etc) cronometrar

■ he timed his journey to work calculó cuánto tarda en llegar al trabajo

2 (schedule) estar previsto,-a

■ the plane is timed to arrive at 12 o'clock el avión tiene su llegada prevista para las doce horas

■ the bomb was timed to explode during the parade la bomba estaba preparada para explotar durante el desfile

■ you timed that well - I've just made some tea has llegado en el momento justo - acabo de hacer té

plural noun times

1 veces nombre femenino plural

■ 4 times 5 is 20 4 por 5 son 20, 4 veces 5 son 20

■ it's three times more expensive than last year es tres veces más caro que el año pasado

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

(and) about time ya era hora

all the time todo el rato, todo el tiempo

at all times siempre

at any time en cualquier momento

at no time nunca

at one time en un tiempo

at the same time al mismo tiempo

at the time / at that time entonces

at times a veces

behind the times anticuado,-a

behind time tarde

for the time being de momento

from time to time de vez en cuando

in no time (at all) en seguida

in time (in the long run) con el tiempo 2 (not late) a tiempo

in time to the music al compás de la música

many a time a menudo

not to give somebody the time of day no darle a alguien ni la hora

on time puntual

one/two/three at a time de uno en uno/de dos en dos/de tres en tres

time after time una y otra vez

time's up se acabó el tiempo, ya es la hora

to beat time marcar el compás

to be ahead of one's time adelantarse a su época

to be badly/well timed (remark) ser inoportuno,-a/oportuno,-a

to give somebody a hard time ponérselo difícil a alguien, hacérselo pasar mal a alguien

to have a bad time pasarlas negras

to have a good time pasarlo bien

to have a lot of time for somebody caerle bien alguien a uno

to have no time for somebody/something no soportar a alguien/algo, no tener tiempo para alguien/algo

to keep time (to music) seguir el compás 2 (watch) ir bien, funcionar bien

to keep up with the times estar al día

to move with the times estar al día

to take one's time (not hurry) hacer algo con calma 2 (be slow) tardar mucho

time and motion study estudio de productividad

time bomb bomba de relojería

time limit límite nombre masculino de tiempo, plazo límite

time off tiempo libre

time out descanso

time warp salto en el tiempo

time zone huso horario

time ['taɪm] vt, timed ; timing

1) schedule: fijar la hora de, calcular el momento oportuno para

2) clock: cronometrar, medir el tiempo de (una competencia, etc.)

time n

1) : tiempo m

the passing of time: el paso del tiempo

she doesn't have time: no tiene tiempo

2) moment: tiempo m, momento m

this is not the time to bring it up: no es el momento de sacar el tema

3) : vez f

she called you three times: te llamó tres veces

three times greater: tres veces mayor

4) age: tiempo m, era f

in your grandparents' time: en el tiempo de tus abuelos

5) tempo: tiempo m, ritmo m (en música)

6) : hora f

what time is it?: ¿qué hora es?

at the usual time: a la hora acostumbrada

to keep time: ir a la hora

to lose time: atrasar

7) experience: rato m, experiencia f

we had a nice time together: pasamos juntos un rato agradable

to have a rough time: pasarlo mal

have a good time!: ¡que se diviertan!

8)

at times sometimes: a veces

9)

for the time being : por el momento, de momento

10)

from time to time occasionally: de vez en cuando

11)

in time punctually: a tiempo

12)

in time eventually: con el tiempo

13)

time after time : una y otra vez

time

adj.

• a plazos adj.

• de tiempo adj.

• del tiempo adj.

• horario, -a adj.

n.

• duración s.f.

• edad s.f.

• espera s.f.

• hora s.f.

• plazo s.m.

• tempo s.m.

• tiempo s.m.

• vez s.f.

• época s.f.

v.

• cronometrar v.

• regular v.

• tomar los tiempos (Deporte) v.

I taɪm
1) noun

Sense I

2) u (past, present, future) tiempo m

time and space — el tiempo y el espacio

as time goes by o passes — a medida que pasa el tiempo, con el paso or el correr del tiempo

at this point o moment in time — en este momento, en el momento presente

(only) time will tell — el tiempo (lo) dirá

how time flies! — qué rápido pasa el tiempo!

(from) time out of mind — desde tiempos inmemoriales

time and tide wait for no man — el tiempo pasa inexorablemente; (before n) < travel> en el tiempo

time machine — máquina f del tiempo

3) u (time available, necessary for something) tiempo m

we have all the time in the world — tenemos tiempo de sobra

could I have five minutes of your time? — ¿podría concederme cinco minutos?

there's no time to lose — no hay tiempo que perder

to make time for something — hacer(se)* or encontrar* tiempo para algo

to make time — ( hurry) (AmE colloq) darse* prisa, apurarse (AmL)

he does it to pass the time — lo hace para pasar el tiempo

I spend all my time reading/thinking — me paso todo el tiempo leyendo/pensando

it takes time to get used to the climate — lleva or toma tiempo acostumbrarse al clima

it's worth taking a little extra time over the job — vale la pena dedicarle un poco más de tiempo al trabajo

to take one's time: just take your time tómate todo el tiempo que necesites or quieras; you took your time! cómo has tardado!; to buy time ganar tiempo; to have a lot of/no time for somebody/something: I have no time for people like her no soporto a la gente como ella; I've got a lot of time for him me cae muy bien; to have time on one's hands: I had time on my hands me sobraba el tiempo; to play for time — tratar de ganar tiempo

4) (no pl) (period - of days, months, years) tiempo m; (- of hours) rato m

that was a long time ago — eso fue hace mucho (tiempo)

they lived in Paris for a time/for a long time — vivieron un tiempo/mucho tiempo or muchos años en París

long time no see! — (colloq) tanto tiempo (sin verte)!

some time later I saw them leave — al rato los vi salir

some time later they moved to Brussels — (un) tiempo después se mudaron a Bruselas, tras cierto tiempo se mudaron a Bruselas

for some considerable time o for quite some time now there have been rumors that... — hace ya bastante tiempo que se rumorea que...

in an hour's/three months'/ten years' time — dentro de una horaes meses/diez años

cooking time — tiempo m de cocción

your time's up — se te (or les etc) ha acabado el tiempo

for the time being — por el momento, de momento

to serve o (colloq) do time — cumplir una condena, estar* a la sombra (fam)

5) (in phrases)

against time — contra reloj

all the time — ( constantly) constantemente; ( the whole period) todo el tiempo

I knew it all the time — lo supe desde el principio

in time — ( early enough) a tiempo; ( eventually) con el tiempo

you arrived just in time — llegaste justo a tiempo

we got back in time to watch the film — volvimos a tiempo para ver la película

you'll get used to it in time — con el tiempo te acostumbrarás

in good time — con tiempo

all in good time — cada cosa a su tiempo, todo a su debido tiempo

in no time (at all) — rapidísimo, en un abrir y cerrar de ojos, en un santiamén

6) u ( airtime) (Rad, TV) espacio m

7) u c (for journey, race, task) tiempo m

what's your fastest time over 400m? — ¿cuál es tu mejor tiempo or marca en los 400 metros?

8) u ( with respect to work)

to take o (BrE also) have time off — tomarse tiempo libre

we get time and a half — nos pagan hora y media de sueldo por cada hora trabajada

9)

a) c (epoch, age) (often pl) época f, tiempo m

at one time — en una época or un tiempo, en otros tiempos

in times of crisis — en épocas or tiempos de crisis

in former times — antiguamente

in Tudor times — en la época de los Tudor, en tiempos de los Tudor

there was a time when o time was when... — hubo un tiempo cuando...

it's a sign of the times — es un indicio de los tiempos en que vivimos

in times to come — en el futuro, en tiempos venideros

to be ahead of one's time: he's ahead/he was ahead of his time se ha adelantado/se adelantó a su época; to be behind the times \<\<ideas\>\> ser* anticuado, estar* desfasado; \<\<person\>\> estar* atrasado de noticias (fam); to keep up with o abreast of the times — mantenerse* al día

b) u ( with respect to a person's life)

that was before your time — eso fue antes de que tú nacieras (or empezaras a trabajar aquí etc)

it won't happen in our time — no viviremos para verlo

I've seen some funny things in my time but... — he visto cosas raras en mi vida pero...

she was a great athlete in her time — fue una gran atleta en su época

Sense II

10)

a) u ( by clock) hora f

what's the time?, what time is it? — ¿qué hora es?

do you have the time? — ¿tienes hora?

the time is ten minutes to ten — son las diez menos diez minutos, son diez para las diez (AmL exc RPl)

to be able to tell the time o (AmE also) tell time — saber* (decir) la hora

British Summer Time — horario m de verano

Eastern Standard Time — ( in US) hora f de la costa atlántica

this clock keeps good time — este reloj está siempre en hora

not to give somebody the time of day — no darle* a algn ni la hora

to pass the time of day (with somebody): now she never even passes the time of day with me ahora ni siquiera me saluda; we passed the time of day charlamos un ratito; (before n) time switch temporizador m; time zone — huso m horario

b) c u ( of event) hora f

do you know the times of the trains? — ¿sabes el horario de los trenes?

time FOR something/to + INF: we have to arrange a time for the next meeting tenemos que fijar una fecha y hora para la próxima reunión; is it time to go yet? ¿ya es hora de irse?; it's time you left o you were leaving es hora de que te vayas; at breakfast time — a la hora del desayuno

11) c ( point in time)

at this time of (the) year — en esta época del año

at this time of night — a estas horas de la noche

at the present/this particular time — en este momento/este preciso momento

at no time was that my intention — en ningún momento fue ésa mi intención

it should be kept closed at all times — debe mantenerse siempre cerrado

at the best of times — en el mejor de los casos

this time next year — el año que viene para estas fechas

it'll be dark by the time we get there — (para) cuando lleguemos ya estará oscuro

by that o this time we were really worried — para entonces ya estábamos preocupadísimos

from that time on — a partir de entonces, desde entonces

it's high time somebody did something — ya es hora or ya va siendo hora de que alguien haga algo

she's resigned, and not before time — ha renunciado, y ya era hora

the time has come for us to make a decision — ha llegado el momento de que tomemos una decisión

there's a time and a place for everything — hay un momento y un lugar para todo

my/her time has come — me/le ha llegado el momento

to bide one's time — esperar el momento oportuno

to die before one's time — morir* tempranamente or prematuramente

12) c (instance, occasion) vez f

three times a day — tres veces por día

I've been there many a time o many times — he estado allí en numerosas ocasiones or muchas veces

nine times out of ten — en el noventa por ciento de los casos, la gran mayoría de las veces

third time lucky! — la tercera es la vencida!

let's leave it for another o some other time — dejémoslo para otro momento

you paid (the) last time — la última vez or la otra vez pagaste tú

for the last time: no! — por última vez no!

let's try one more time — probemos otra vez or una vez más

13) (in phrases)

about time: it's about time someone told him ya es hora or ya va siendo hora de que alguien se lo diga; I've finished - and about time too! he terminado - ya era hora!; ahead of time: the first stage was completed ahead of time la primera fase se terminó antes de tiempo; any time: come any time ven cuando quieras or en cualquier momento; call me any time between nine and eleven llámame a cualquier hora entre las nueve y las once; I'd rather work for Mary any time yo prefiero trabajar para Mary, toda la vida (y cien años más); they should be here any time (now) en cualquier momento llegan, deben de estar por llegar de un momento al otro; at a time: four at a time de cuatro en cuatro or (AmL tb) de a cuatro; one at a time! de a uno!, uno por uno! or uno por vez!; I can only do one thing at a time sólo puedo hacer una cosa a la or por vez; for months at a time durante meses enteros; at the same time ( simultaneously) al mismo tiempo; ( however) (as linker) al mismo tiempo, de todas formas; at times a veces; at this time (AmE) ahora, en este momento; every time: I make the same mistake every time! siempre cometo el mismo error!; gin or whisky? - give me whisky every time! ¿ginebra or whisky? - para mí whisky, toda la vida; every o each time (as conj) ( whenever) cada vez; from time to time de vez en cuando; on time ( on schedule): the buses hardly ever run on time los autobuses casi nunca pasan a su hora or puntualmente; she's never on time nunca llega temprano, siempre llega tarde; time after time o time and (time) again — una y otra vez

14) c ( experience)

to have a good/bad/hard time — pasarlo bien/mal/muy mal

have a good time! — que te diviertas (or que se diviertan etc)!, que lo pases (or pasen etc) bien!

don't give me a hard time — (esp AmE) no me mortifiques

thank you for a lovely time — gracias por todo, lo hemos pasado estupendamente

15) u ( Mus) compás m

in time to the music — al compás de la música

out of time — descompasado, fuera de compás

to beat/keep time — marcar*/seguir* el compás

to mark time — ( march on the spot) marcar* el paso; ( make no progress) hacer* tiempo; (before n)

time signature — llave f de tiempo

16) times pl ( Math)

it's four times bigger — es cuatro veces más grande; (before n)

times table — tabla f de multiplicar

II

transitive verb

a) ( Sport) cronometrar

I've timed how long it takes me — he calculado cuánto tiempo me lleva

b) ( choose time of)

the bomb was timed to go off at ten o'clock — la bomba estaba programada para explotar a las diez

the demonstration was timeed to coincide with his arrival — la hora de la manifestación estaba calculada para coincidir con su llegada

you timed your entrance perfectly — no podrías haber elegido un mejor momento para entrar

his comment was well timed — su comentario fue muy oportuno

his shot was badly timed — no calculó bien el momento en que debía chutar/disparar

[taɪm]
1. N

1) (gen) tiempo m

as time goes on or by — con el (paso del) tiempo, a medida que pasa/pasaba el tiempo

• race against time — carrera f contra (el) reloj

• for all time — para siempre

one of the best of all time — uno de los mejores de todos los tiempos

• Father Time — el Tiempo

• to find (the) time for sth — encontrar tiempo para algo

I can't find the time for reading — no encuentro tiempo para leer

• time flies — el tiempo vuela

how time flies! — ¡cómo pasa el tiempo!

• to gain time — ganar tiempo

• half the time he's drunk — la mayor parte del tiempo está borracho

• to have (the) time (to do sth) — tener tiempo (para hacer algo)

we have plenty of time — tenemos tiempo de sobra

• to make time — (US) * ganar tiempo, apresurarse

• to make up for lost time — recuperar el tiempo perdido

• it's only a matter or question of time before it falls — solo es cuestión de tiempo antes de que caiga

• I've no time for him — (too busy) no tengo tiempo para él; (contemptuous) no le aguanto

I've no time for sport — odio los deportes

there is no time to lose — no hay tiempo que perder

he lost no time in doing it — no tardó en hacerlo

• my time is my own — yo dispongo de mi tiempo

• time presses — el tiempo apremia

• time is on our side — el tiempo obra a nuestro favor

• time and space — el tiempo y el espacio

• to take time, it takes time — requiere tiempo, lleva su tiempo

it'll take time to get over the loss of her family — le llevará tiempo superar la pérdida de su familia

it took him all his time to find it — solo encontrarlo le ocupó bastante tiempo

to take one's time — hacer las cosas con calma

take your time! — tómate el tiempo que necesites, ¡no hay prisa!

you certainly took your time! — iro ¡no es precisamente que te mataras corriendo!

• (only) time will tell — el tiempo lo dirá

to have time on one's hands —

she has too much time on her hands — dispone de demasiado tiempo libre

once you retire you'll have time on your hands — cuando te hayas jubilado, tendrás todo el tiempo del mundo

- kill time

- pass the time of day with sb

- play for time

- be pressed for time

- time is money
spare, waste
2) (=period of time) tiempo m, período m; (relatively short) rato m

• have you been here all this time? — ¿has estado aquí todo este tiempo?

• for the time being — por ahora, de momento

• for a time — durante un rato; (longer) durante una temporada

• a long time — mucho tiempo

to take a long time to do sth — tardar mucho en hacer algo

a long time ago — hace mucho (tiempo), hace tiempo

he hasn't been seen for a long time — hace mucho tiempo que no se le ve

she'll be in a wheelchair for a long time to come — le queda mucho tiempo de estar en silla de ruedas por delante

• in no time at all — en un abrir y cerrar de ojos

• it will last our time — durará lo que nosotros

• a short time — poco tiempo, un rato

a short time ago — hace poco

a short time after — poco (tiempo) después, al poco tiempo

in a short time they were all gone — muy pronto habían desaparecido todos

• for some time past — de algún tiempo a esta parte

after some time she looked up at me/wrote to me — después de cierto tiempo levantó la vista hacia mí/me escribió, pasado algún tiempo levantó la vista hacia mí/me escribió

• in a week's time — dentro de una semana

in two weeks' time — en dos semanas, al cabo de dos semanas

- do time
serve
3) (at work)

• on Saturdays they pay time and a half — los sábados pagan lo normal más la mitad

• he did it in his own time — lo hizo en su tiempo libre or fuera de (las) horas de trabajo

• to be on short time, work short time — trabajar en jornadas reducidas
full-time, part-time, short-time
4) (=moment, point of time) momento m

I was watching TV at the time — en ese momento estaba viendo la televisión

from time to time — de vez en cuando

• about time too! — ¡ya era hora!

it's about time you had a haircut — ya es hora de que te cortes el pelo

• come (at) any time (you like) — ven cuando quieras

it might happen (at) any time — podría ocurrir de un momento a otro or en cualquier momento

any time now — de un momento a otro

• at times — a veces, a ratos

at all times — siempre, en todo momento

• to die before one's time — morir temprano

not before time! — ¡ya era hora!

• between times — en los intervalos

• by the time he arrived — para cuando él llegó

by the time we got there he'd left — cuando llegamos allí ya se había ido

by this time — ya, antes de esto

(by) this time next year — el año que viene por estas fechas

• to choose one's time carefully — elegir con cuidado el momento más propicio

• the time has come to leave — ha llegado el momento de irse

when the time comes — cuando llegue el momento

• at a convenient time — en un momento oportuno

• at any given time — en cualquier momento dado

• her time was drawing near — (to give birth) se acercaba el momento de dar a luz; (to die) estaba llegando al final de su vida

• it's high time you got a job — ya va siendo hora de que consigas un trabajo

• at my time of life — a mi edad, con los años que yo tengo

• at no time did I mention it — no lo mencioné en ningún momento

this is no time for jokes — este no es momento para bromas

• now is the time to go — ahora es el momento de irse

now is the time to plant roses — esta es la época para plantar las rosas

• at odd times — (=occasionally) de vez en cuando

he calls at some odd times — llama a las horas más intempestivas

• from that time on — a partir de entonces, desde entonces

• at one time — en cierto momento, en cierta época

• this is neither the time nor the place to discuss it — este no es ni el momento ni el lugar oportuno para hablar de eso

there's a time and a place for everything — todo tiene su momento y su lugar

• at the present time — actualmente, en la actualidad

• at the proper time — en el momento oportuno

• at the same time — (=simultaneously) al mismo tiempo, a la vez; (=even so) al mismo tiempo, por otro lado

• until such time as he agrees — hasta que consienta

• at that time — por entonces, en aquel entonces, en aquella época

• at this particular time — en este preciso momento

• at this time of the year — en esta época del año

it's a lovely time of year — es una estación encantadora
bide
5) (by clock) hora f

what's the time? — ¿qué hora es?

the time is 2.30 — son las dos y media

it's time to go — es hora de irse

"time gentlemen please!" — "¡se cierra!"

• to arrive ahead of time — llegar temprano

to be 30 minutes ahead of time — llevar 30 minutos de adelanto

• at any time of the day or night — en cualquier momento or a cualquier hora del día o de la noche

• to be 30 minutes behind time — llevar 30 minutos de retraso

• it's coffee time — es la hora del café

• at this time of day — a esta hora

• it's time for the news — es (la) hora de las noticias

it's time for lunch — es (la) hora de comer

• let me know in good time — avíseme con anticipación

make sure you get there in good time — asegúrate de que llegas allí con tiempo

he'll come in his own good time — vendrá cuando le parezca conveniente

all in good time — todo a su (debido) tiempo

to start in good time — partir a tiempo, partir pronto

• have you got the (right) time? — ¿tiene la hora (exacta)?

• Greenwich mean time — hora f de Greenwich

• we were just in time to see it — llegamos justo a tiempo para verlo

• a watch that keeps good time — un reloj muy exacto

• just look at the time! — ¡fíjate qué hora es ya!, ¡mira qué tarde es!

• what time do you make it?, what do you make the time? — ¿qué hora es or tiene?

we made good time on the journey — el viaje ha sido rápido

• to be on time — [person] ser puntual, llegar puntualmente; [train, plane] llegar puntual

• to tell the time — [clock] dar la hora; [child] saber decir la hora

- I wouldn't give him the time of day
see closing, opening
6) (=era, period) tiempo m, época f

in Elizabethan times — en tiempos isabelinos, en la época isabelina

in our own time(s) — en nuestra época

in my time(s) — en mis tiempos

what times they were!, what times we had! — ¡qué tiempos aquellos!

one of the greatest footballers of our time — uno de los mejores futbolistas de nuestros tiempos

• to be ahead of one's time — adelantarse a su época

• that was all before my time — todo eso fue antes de mis tiempos

• to be behind the times — [person] estar atrasado de noticias; [thing, idea] estar fuera de moda, haber quedado anticuado

• how times change! — ¡cómo cambian las cosas!

• in times to come — en tiempos venideros

• times were hard — fueron tiempos duros

times are hard — atravesamos un período bastante difícil

they fell on hard times — entraron en un periodo de vacas flacas

• to keep abreast of or up with the times — ir con los tiempos, mantenerse al día

• the times we live in — los tiempos en que vivimos

• in modern times — en tiempos modernos

• to move with the times — ir con los tiempos, mantenerse al día

• in olden times, in times past — en otro tiempo, antiguamente

• time was when... — hubo un tiempo en que...
sign
7) (=experience)

to have a bad or rough or thin time (of it) — pasarlo mal, pasarlas negras

• to have a good time — pasarlo bien, divertirse

all they want to do is have a good time — no quieren más que divertirse

to give sb a good time — hacer que algn lo pase bien

she's out for a good time — se propone divertirse

• we had a high old time * — lo hemos pasado en grande *

• we have a lovely time — lo pasamos la mar de bien *

• have a nice time! — ¡que lo pases/paséis etc bien!

- the big time

to make the big time — alcanzar el éxito, triunfar
big-time
8) (=occasion) vez f

three times — tres veces

I remember the time he came here — recuerdo la ocasión en que vino por aquí, me acuerdo de cuando vino por aquí

• time after time, time and again — repetidas veces, una y otra vez

• to carry three boxes at a time — llevar tres cajas a la vez

he ran upstairs three at a time — subió la escalera de tres en tres escalones

for weeks at a time — durante semanas enteras or seguidas

• each time, every time — cada vez

he won every time — ganó todas las veces

it's the best, every time! — ¡es el mejor, no hay duda!

give me beer every time! — ¡para mí, siempre cerveza!

• the first time I did it — la primera vez que lo hice

for the first time — por primera vez

• last time — la última vez

the last time I did it — la última vez que lo hice

for the last time — por última vez

• many times — muchas veces

many's the time... — no una vez, sino muchas...

• next time — la próxima vez, a la próxima (esp LAm)

• the second time round — (=second marriage) la segunda intentona de matrimonio

• several times — varias veces

• this time — esta vez

• at various times in the past — en determinados momentos del pasado

- nine times out of ten

- third time lucky!

9) (Mus) compás m

in 3/4 time — al compás de 3 por 4

• to beat time — marcar el compás

• in time to the music — al compás de la música

• to keep time — llevar el compás

• to get out of time — perder el compás
beat 2., 4), mark II, 2., 7)
10) (Math)

4 times 3 is 12 — 4 por 3 son 12

it's five times faster than or as fast as yours — es cinco veces más rápido que el tuyo

11) (Mech)

the ignition is out of time — el encendido está fuera de fase

2. VT

1) (=schedule) planear, calcular; (=choose time of) [+ remark, request] elegir el momento para

the race is timed for 8.30 — el comienzo de la carrera está previsto para las 8.30

you timed that perfectly — elegiste a la perfección el momento para hacerlo

the bomb was timed to explode five minutes later — la bomba estaba sincronizada para explotar cinco minutos más tarde

the strike was carefully timed to cause maximum disruption — se había escogido el momento de la huelga para ocasionar el mayor trastorno posible

the decision to sell was badly timed — se decidió vender en un mal momento
ill-timed, well-timed
2) (=reckon time of) [+ call, journey] calcular la duración de; (with stopwatch) cronometrar

to time o.s. — cronometrarse

I timed him doing the washing-up — le cronometré mientras lavaba los platos

3.

CPD

time and motion study N — estudio m de tiempos y movimientos

time bomb N — bomba f de relojería

time capsule N — cápsula f del tiempo

time card N — tarjeta f de registro horario

time check N — (Sport) control m de tiempos

can I have a time check, please? — ¿qué hora es ahora, por favor?

time clock N — reloj m registrador, reloj m de control de asistencia

time deposit N — (US) depósito m a plazo

time difference N — diferencia f horaria

time exposure N — (Phot) exposición f

time frame N — margen m de tiempo

to set a time frame for sth — poner fecha a algo

time fuse N — temporizador m, espoleta f graduada, espoleta f de tiempo

time lag N — (=delay) retraso m; (=lack of synchronization) desfase m

time limit N — plazo m, límite m de tiempo; (=closing date) fecha f tope

to set a time limit (for sth) — fijar un plazo (para algo)

time loan N — (US) préstamo m a plazo fijo

time lock N — cerradura f de tiempo

time machine N — máquina f de transporte a través del tiempo

time management N — gestión f del tiempo

time management consultant N — consultor(a) m / f de gestión del tiempo

time management course N — curso m de gestión del tiempo

time management skills NPL — técnicas fpl de gestión del tiempo

time management training N — formación f en gestión del tiempo

time off N — (=free time) tiempo m libre

to take time off from work — tomarse tiempo libre

you'll have to take some time off when your wife has her operation — tendrás que tomarte unos días de vacaciones cuando operen a tu mujer

time out N — (esp US) (Sport) (also fig) tiempo m muerto

to take time out (from sth/from doing sth) — descansar (de algo/de hacer algo)

time payment N — (US) pago m a plazos

time saver N —

it is a great time saver — ahorra mucho tiempo

time sheet N — = time card

time signal N — señal f horaria

time signature N — (Mus) compás m, signatura f de compás

time slice N — fracción f de tiempo

time slot N — franja f horaria

time span N — periodo m de tiempo

time switch N — interruptor m horario

time trial N — (Cycling) prueba f contra reloj, contrarreloj f

time warp N — salto m en el tiempo, túnel m del tiempo

time zone N — huso m horario

* * *

I [taɪm]
1) noun

Sense I

2) u (past, present, future) tiempo m

time and space — el tiempo y el espacio

as time goes by o passes — a medida que pasa el tiempo, con el paso or el correr del tiempo

at this point o moment in time — en este momento, en el momento presente

(only) time will tell — el tiempo (lo) dirá

how time flies! — qué rápido pasa el tiempo!

(from) time out of mind — desde tiempos inmemoriales

time and tide wait for no man — el tiempo pasa inexorablemente; (before n) < travel> en el tiempo

time machine — máquina f del tiempo

3) u (time available, necessary for something) tiempo m

we have all the time in the world — tenemos tiempo de sobra

could I have five minutes of your time? — ¿podría concederme cinco minutos?

there's no time to lose — no hay tiempo que perder

to make time for something — hacer(se)* or encontrar* tiempo para algo

to make time — ( hurry) (AmE colloq) darse* prisa, apurarse (AmL)

he does it to pass the time — lo hace para pasar el tiempo

I spend all my time reading/thinking — me paso todo el tiempo leyendo/pensando

it takes time to get used to the climate — lleva or toma tiempo acostumbrarse al clima

it's worth taking a little extra time over the job — vale la pena dedicarle un poco más de tiempo al trabajo

to take one's time: just take your time tómate todo el tiempo que necesites or quieras; you took your time! cómo has tardado!; to buy time ganar tiempo; to have a lot of/no time for somebody/something: I have no time for people like her no soporto a la gente como ella; I've got a lot of time for him me cae muy bien; to have time on one's hands: I had time on my hands me sobraba el tiempo; to play for time — tratar de ganar tiempo

4) (no pl) (period - of days, months, years) tiempo m; (- of hours) rato m

that was a long time ago — eso fue hace mucho (tiempo)

they lived in Paris for a time/for a long time — vivieron un tiempo/mucho tiempo or muchos años en París

long time no see! — (colloq) tanto tiempo (sin verte)!

some time later I saw them leave — al rato los vi salir

some time later they moved to Brussels — (un) tiempo después se mudaron a Bruselas, tras cierto tiempo se mudaron a Bruselas

for some considerable time o for quite some time now there have been rumors that... — hace ya bastante tiempo que se rumorea que...

in an hour's/three months'/ten years' time — dentro de una hora/tres meses/diez años

cooking time — tiempo m de cocción

your time's up — se te (or les etc) ha acabado el tiempo

for the time being — por el momento, de momento

to serve o (colloq) do time — cumplir una condena, estar* a la sombra (fam)

5) (in phrases)

against time — contra reloj

all the time — ( constantly) constantemente; ( the whole period) todo el tiempo

I knew it all the time — lo supe desde el principio

in time — ( early enough) a tiempo; ( eventually) con el tiempo

you arrived just in time — llegaste justo a tiempo

we got back in time to watch the film — volvimos a tiempo para ver la película

you'll get used to it in time — con el tiempo te acostumbrarás

in good time — con tiempo

all in good time — cada cosa a su tiempo, todo a su debido tiempo

in no time (at all) — rapidísimo, en un abrir y cerrar de ojos, en un santiamén

6) u ( airtime) (Rad, TV) espacio m

7) u c (for journey, race, task) tiempo m

what's your fastest time over 400m? — ¿cuál es tu mejor tiempo or marca en los 400 metros?

8) u ( with respect to work)

to take o (BrE also) have time off — tomarse tiempo libre

we get time and a half — nos pagan hora y media de sueldo por cada hora trabajada

9)

a) c (epoch, age) (often pl) época f, tiempo m

at one time — en una época or un tiempo, en otros tiempos

in times of crisis — en épocas or tiempos de crisis

in former times — antiguamente

in Tudor times — en la época de los Tudor, en tiempos de los Tudor

there was a time when o time was when... — hubo un tiempo cuando...

it's a sign of the times — es un indicio de los tiempos en que vivimos

in times to come — en el futuro, en tiempos venideros

to be ahead of one's time: he's ahead/he was ahead of his time se ha adelantado/se adelantó a su época; to be behind the times \<\<ideas\>\> ser* anticuado, estar* desfasado; \<\<person\>\> estar* atrasado de noticias (fam); to keep up with o abreast of the times — mantenerse* al día

b) u ( with respect to a person's life)

that was before your time — eso fue antes de que tú nacieras (or empezaras a trabajar aquí etc)

it won't happen in our time — no viviremos para verlo

I've seen some funny things in my time but... — he visto cosas raras en mi vida pero...

she was a great athlete in her time — fue una gran atleta en su época

Sense II

10)

a) u ( by clock) hora f

what's the time?, what time is it? — ¿qué hora es?

do you have the time? — ¿tienes hora?

the time is ten minutes to ten — son las diez menos diez minutos, son diez para las diez (AmL exc RPl)

to be able to tell the time o (AmE also) tell time — saber* (decir) la hora

British Summer Time — horario m de verano

Eastern Standard Time — ( in US) hora f de la costa atlántica

this clock keeps good time — este reloj está siempre en hora

not to give somebody the time of day — no darle* a algn ni la hora

to pass the time of day (with somebody): now she never even passes the time of day with me ahora ni siquiera me saluda; we passed the time of day charlamos un ratito; (before n) time switch temporizador m; time zone — huso m horario

b) c u ( of event) hora f

do you know the times of the trains? — ¿sabes el horario de los trenes?

time FOR something/to + INF: we have to arrange a time for the next meeting tenemos que fijar una fecha y hora para la próxima reunión; is it time to go yet? ¿ya es hora de irse?; it's time you left o you were leaving es hora de que te vayas; at breakfast time — a la hora del desayuno

11) c ( point in time)

at this time of (the) year — en esta época del año

at this time of night — a estas horas de la noche

at the present/this particular time — en este momento/este preciso momento

at no time was that my intention — en ningún momento fue ésa mi intención

it should be kept closed at all times — debe mantenerse siempre cerrado

at the best of times — en el mejor de los casos

this time next year — el año que viene para estas fechas

it'll be dark by the time we get there — (para) cuando lleguemos ya estará oscuro

by that o this time we were really worried — para entonces ya estábamos preocupadísimos

from that time on — a partir de entonces, desde entonces

it's high time somebody did something — ya es hora or ya va siendo hora de que alguien haga algo

she's resigned, and not before time — ha renunciado, y ya era hora

the time has come for us to make a decision — ha llegado el momento de que tomemos una decisión

there's a time and a place for everything — hay un momento y un lugar para todo

my/her time has come — me/le ha llegado el momento

to bide one's time — esperar el momento oportuno

to die before one's time — morir* tempranamente or prematuramente

12) c (instance, occasion) vez f

three times a day — tres veces por día

I've been there many a time o many times — he estado allí en numerosas ocasiones or muchas veces

nine times out of ten — en el noventa por ciento de los casos, la gran mayoría de las veces

third time lucky! — la tercera es la vencida!

let's leave it for another o some other time — dejémoslo para otro momento

you paid (the) last time — la última vez or la otra vez pagaste tú

for the last time: no! — por última vez no!

let's try one more time — probemos otra vez or una vez más

13) (in phrases)

about time: it's about time someone told him ya es hora or ya va siendo hora de que alguien se lo diga; I've finished - and about time too! he terminado - ya era hora!; ahead of time: the first stage was completed ahead of time la primera fase se terminó antes de tiempo; any time: come any time ven cuando quieras or en cualquier momento; call me any time between nine and eleven llámame a cualquier hora entre las nueve y las once; I'd rather work for Mary any time yo prefiero trabajar para Mary, toda la vida (y cien años más); they should be here any time (now) en cualquier momento llegan, deben de estar por llegar de un momento al otro; at a time: four at a time de cuatro en cuatro or (AmL tb) de a cuatro; one at a time! de a uno!, uno por uno! or uno por vez!; I can only do one thing at a time sólo puedo hacer una cosa a la or por vez; for months at a time durante meses enteros; at the same time ( simultaneously) al mismo tiempo; ( however) (as linker) al mismo tiempo, de todas formas; at times a veces; at this time (AmE) ahora, en este momento; every time: I make the same mistake every time! siempre cometo el mismo error!; gin or whisky? - give me whisky every time! ¿ginebra or whisky? - para mí whisky, toda la vida; every o each time (as conj) ( whenever) cada vez; from time to time de vez en cuando; on time ( on schedule): the buses hardly ever run on time los autobuses casi nunca pasan a su hora or puntualmente; she's never on time nunca llega temprano, siempre llega tarde; time after time o time and (time) again — una y otra vez

14) c ( experience)

to have a good/bad/hard time — pasarlo bien/mal/muy mal

have a good time! — que te diviertas (or que se diviertan etc)!, que lo pases (or pasen etc) bien!

don't give me a hard time — (esp AmE) no me mortifiques

thank you for a lovely time — gracias por todo, lo hemos pasado estupendamente

15) u ( Mus) compás m

in time to the music — al compás de la música

out of time — descompasado, fuera de compás

to beat/keep time — marcar*/seguir* el compás

to mark time — ( march on the spot) marcar* el paso; ( make no progress) hacer* tiempo; (before n)

time signature — llave f de tiempo

16) times pl ( Math)

it's four times bigger — es cuatro veces más grande; (before n)

times table — tabla f de multiplicar

II

transitive verb

a) ( Sport) cronometrar

I've timed how long it takes me — he calculado cuánto tiempo me lleva

b) ( choose time of)

the bomb was timed to go off at ten o'clock — la bomba estaba programada para explotar a las diez

the demonstration was timeed to coincide with his arrival — la hora de la manifestación estaba calculada para coincidir con su llegada

you timed your entrance perfectly — no podrías haber elegido un mejor momento para entrar

his comment was well timed — su comentario fue muy oportuno

his shot was badly timed — no calculó bien el momento en que debía chutar/disparar

English-spanish dictionary > time
2 time

1. noun
1) no pl., no art. Zeit, die

the greatest composer of all time — der größte Komponist aller Zeiten

for all time — für immer [und ewig]

past/present/future time — Vergangenheit, die/Gegenwart, die/Zukunft, die

stand the test of time — die Zeit überdauern; sich bewähren

in [the course of] time, as time goes on/went on — mit der Zeit; im Laufe der Zeit

as old as time — uralt

time will tell or show — die Zukunft wird es zeigen

at this point or moment in time — zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt

time flies — die Zeit vergeht [wie] im Fluge

work against time — unter Zeitdruck arbeiten

in time, with time — (sooner or later) mit der Zeit

2) (interval, available or allotted period) Zeit, die

in a week's/month's/year's time — in einer Woche/in einem Monat/Jahr

there is time for that — dafür ist od. haben wir noch Zeit

it takes me all my time to do it — es beansprucht meine ganze Zeit, es zu tun

give one's time to something — einer Sache (Dat.) seine Zeit opfern

waste of time — Zeitverschwendung, die

spend [most of one's/a lot of] time on something/[in] doing something — [die meiste/viel] Zeit mit etwas zubringen/damit verbringen, etwas zu tun

I have been waiting for some/a long time — ich warte schon seit einiger Zeit/schon lange

she will be there for [quite] some time — sie wird ziemlich lange dort sein

be pressed for time — keine Zeit haben; (have to finish quickly) in Zeitnot sein

pass the time — sich (Dat.) die Zeit vertreiben

length of time — Zeit[dauer], die

make time for somebody/something — sich (Dat.) für jemanden/etwas Zeit nehmen

a short time ago — vor kurzem

that's a long time ago — das ist schon lange her

in one's own time — in seiner Freizeit; (whenever one wishes) wann man will

take one's time [over something] — sich (Dat.) [für etwas] Zeit lassen; (be slow) sich (Dat.) Zeit [mit etwas] lassen

time is money — (prov.) Zeit ist Geld (Spr.)

in [good] time — (not late) rechtzeitig

all the or this time — die ganze Zeit; (without ceasing) ständig

in [less than or next to] no time — innerhalb kürzester Zeit; im Nu od. Handumdrehen

in half the time — in der Hälfte der Zeit

half the time — (coll.): (as often as not) fast immer

it will take [some] time — es wird einige Zeit dauern

have the/no time — Zeit/keine Zeit haben

have no time for somebody/something — für jemanden/etwas ist einem seine Zeit zu schade

there is no time to lose or be lost — es ist keine Zeit zu verlieren

lose no time in doing something — (not delay) etwas unverzüglich tun

do time — (coll.) eine Strafe absitzen (ugs.)

in my time — (heyday) zu meiner Zeit (ugs.); (in the course of my life) im Laufe meines Lebens

in my time — (period at a place) zu meiner Zeit (ugs.)

time off or out — freie Zeit

get/take time off — frei bekommen/sich (Dat.) frei nehmen (ugs.)

Time! — (Boxing) Stop!; Time!; (Brit.): (in pub) Feierabend!

have a lot of time for somebody — (fig.) für jemandem viel übrig haben

3) no pl. (moment or period destined for purpose) Zeit, die

harvest/Christmas time — Ernte-/Weihnachtszeit, die

there is a time and place for everything — alles zu seiner Zeit

now is the time to do it — jetzt ist die richtige Zeit, es zu tun

time for lunch — Zeit zum Mittagessen

it is time to go — es wird Zeit zu gehen

and not before time — und es wurde auch Zeit

when the time comes/came — wenn es so weit ist/als es so weit war

on time — (punctually) pünktlich

ahead of time — zu früh [ankommen]; vorzeitig [fertig werden]

all in good time — alles zu seiner Zeit; see also academic.ru/5926/be">be 2. 1)

4) in sing. or pl. (circumstances) Zeit, die

times are good/bad/have changed — die Zeiten sind gut/schlecht/haben sich verändert

have a good time — Spaß haben (ugs.); sich amüsieren

have a hard time [of it] — eine schwere Zeit durchmachen

5) (associated with events or person[s]) Zeit, die

in time of peace/war — in Friedens-/Kriegszeiten

in Tudor/ancient times — zur Zeit der Tudors/der Antike

in former/modern times — früher/heutzutage

ahead of or before one's/its time — seiner Zeit voraus

at one time — (previously) früher

6) (occasion) Mal, das

for the first time — zum ersten Mal

next time you come — wenn du das nächste Mal kommst

ten/a hundred/a thousand times — zehn- / hundert- / tausendmal

many times — sehr oft

many's the time [that]..., many a time... — viele Male...

at all times — jederzeit

at times — gelegentlich

from time to time — von Zeit zu Zeit

at other times — sonst

at one time or another — irgendwann einmal

at a time like this/that — unter diesen/solchen Umständen

at the or that time — (in the past) damals

at one time, at [one and] the same time — (simultaneously) gleichzeitig

at the same time — (nevertheless) gleichwohl

between times — zwischendurch

time and [time] again, time after time — immer [und immer] wieder

pay somebody £6 a time — jemandem für jedes Mal 6 Pfund zahlen

one at a time — einzeln

two at a time — jeweils zwei

for hours/weeks at a time — stundenlang/wochenlang [ohne Unterbrechung]

7) (point in day etc.) [Uhr]zeit, die

at the same time every morning — jeden Morgen um dieselbe Zeit

what time is it?, what is the time? — wie spät ist es?

have you [got] the time? — kannst du mir sagen, wie spät es ist?

tell the time — (read a clock) die Uhr lesen

time of day — Tageszeit, die

[at this] time of [the] year — [um diese] Jahreszeit

at this time of [the] night — zu dieser Nachtstunde

pass the time of day — (coll.) ein paar Worte wechseln

by this/that time — inzwischen

by the time [that] we arrived — bis wir hinkamen

[by] this time tomorrow — morgen um diese Zeit

keep good time — [Uhr:] genau od. richtig gehen

8) (amount) Zeit, die

make good time — gut vorwärts kommen

[your] time's up! — deine Zeit ist um (ugs.) od. abgelaufen

9) (multiplication) mal

three times four — drei mal vier

four times the size of/higher than something — viermal so groß wie/höher als etwas

10) (Mus.) (duration of note) Zeitdauer, die; (measure) Takt, der

in three-four time — im Dreivierteltakt

keep in time with the music — den Takt halten

out of time/in time — aus dem/im Takt

keep time with something — bei etwas den Takt [ein]halten
2. transitive verb
1) (do at correct time) zeitlich abstimmen

be well/ill timed — zur richtigen/falschen Zeit kommen

2) (set to operate at correct time) justieren (Technik); einstellen

3) (arrange time of arrival/departure of)

the bus is timed to connect with the train — der Bus hat einen direkten Anschluss an den Zug

be timed to take 90 minutes — fahrplanmäßig 90 Minuten dauern

4) (measure time taken by) stoppen

time an egg — auf die richtige Kochdauer für ein Ei achten
•• Cultural note:
Times - The Times

Eine britische überregionale Tageszeitung, deren Pendant am Sonntag The Sunday Times ist. Sie ist eine broadsheet-Zeitung und zählt zur seriösen Presse. Sie ist politisch unabhängig, wird jedoch gemeinhin als konservativ angesehen. Sie ist die älteste Zeitung in England und wurde erstmals 1785 veröffentlicht

* * *
1. noun
1) (the hour of the day: What time is it?; Can your child tell the time yet?) die Zeit

2) (the passage of days, years, events etc: time and space; Time will tell.) die Zeit

3) (a point at which, or period during which, something happens: at the time of his wedding; breakfast-time.)

4) (the quantity of minutes, hours, days etc, eg spent in, or available for, a particular activity etc: This won't take much time to do; I enjoyed the time I spent in Paris; At the end of the exam, the supervisor called `Your time is up!') die Zeit

5) (a suitable moment or period: Now is the time to ask him.) der Zeitpunkt

6) (one of a number occasions: He's been to France four times.) das Mal

7) (a period characterized by a particular quality in a person's life, experience etc: He went through an unhappy time when she died; We had some good times together.) die Zeiten (pl.)

8) (the speed at which a piece of music should be played; tempo: in slow time.) das Tempo
2. verb
1) (to measure the time taken by (a happening, event etc) or by (a person, in doing something): He timed the journey.) Zeit messen von

2) (to choose a particular time for: You timed your arrival beautifully!) den Zeitpunkt wählen

•

- timeless
- timelessly
- timelessness
- timely
- timeliness
- timer
- times
- timing
- time bomb
- time-consuming
- time limit
- time off
- time out
- timetable
- all in good time
- all the time
- at times
- be behind time
- for the time being
- from time to time
- in good time
- in time
- no time at all
- no time
- one
- two at a time
- on time
- save
- waste time
- take one's time
- time and time again
- time and again
* * *

time

[taɪm]

I. NOUN

1. no pl (considered as a whole) Zeit f

\time stood still die Zeit stand still

\time marches [or moves] on die Zeit bleibt nicht stehen

the best player of all \time der bester Spieler aller Zeiten

in the course of \time mit der Zeit

over the course of \time im Lauf[e] der Zeit

to be a matter [or question] of \time eine Frage der Zeit sein

\time is on sb's side die Zeit arbeitet für jdn

as \time goes by [or on] im Lauf[e] der Zeit

to kill \time die Zeit totschlagen

to make \time for sth sich dat die Zeit für etw akk nehmen

\time-tested [alt]bewährt

for all \time für immer [o alle Zeit]

in \time mit der Zeit

over [or with] \time im Lauf[e] der Zeit

2. no pl (period, duration) Zeit f

\time's up ( fam) die Zeit ist um

we spent part of the \time in Florence, and part of the \time in Rome wir verbrachten unsere Zeit teils in Florenz und teils in Rom

you'll forget her, given \time mit der Zeit wirst du sie vergessen

it will take some \time es wird eine Weile dauern

sorry, folks, we're [all] out of \time now AM, AUS ( fam) tut mir leid Leute, aber wir sind schon über der Zeit

I haven't seen one of those in a long \time so etwas habe ich schon lange nicht mehr gesehen

half the \time, he misses class er fehlt die halbe Zeit

the \time is ripe die Zeit ist reif

we talked about old \times wir sprachen über alte Zeiten

breakfast/holiday \time Frühstücks-/Urlaubszeit f

extra \time SPORT Verlängerung f

they played extra \time sie mussten in die Verlängerung

three minutes into extra \time, Ricardo scored the decisive goal nach drei Minuten Verlängerung erzielte Ricardo das entscheidende Tor

free [or spare] \time Freizeit f

future \time Zukunft f

injury \time BRIT SPORT Nachspielzeit f

to have \time on one's hands viel Zeit zur Verfügung haben

at this moment in \time zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt

period of \time Zeitraum m

for a prolonged period of \time über einen längeren Zeitraum

running \time FILM Spielzeit f

past \time Vergangenheit f

present \time Gegenwart f

in one week's \time in einer Woche

in one's own \time in seiner Freizeit

a short \time later kurz darauf

some/a long \time ago vor einiger/langer Zeit

most of the \time meistens

to do sth for a \time etw eine Zeit lang tun

to find [the] \time to do sth Zeit finden, etw zu tun

to gain/lose \time Zeit gewinnen/verlieren

there's no \time to lose [or to be lost] wir dürfen [jetzt] keine Zeit verlieren, es ist höchste Zeit

to give sb a hard \time ( fam) jdm zusetzen

to have the \time of one's life sich akk großartig amüsieren

to have all the \time in the world alle Zeit der Welt haben

to have an easy/hard \time with sth keine Probleme/Probleme mit etw dat haben

to make \time for sb/sth sich dat Zeit für jdn/etw nehmen

to pass the \time sich dat die Zeit vertreiben

to be pressed for \time in Zeitnot sein

to run out of \time nicht genügend Zeit haben

to save \time Zeit sparen

to spend [a lot of] \time [in] doing sth [viel] Zeit damit verbringen, etw zu tun

to take [a long/short] \time [lange/nicht lange] dauern

to take one's \time sich dat Zeit lassen

to take the \time and trouble to do sth sich dat die Mühe machen, etw zu tun

to waste \time Zeit vergeuden [o verschwenden]

to waste sb's \time jds Zeit vergeuden

after a \time nach einer gewissen Zeit

all the [or this] \time die ganze Zeit; (always) immer

for a \time eine Zeit lang

for a long/short \time [für] lange/kurze Zeit

for the \time being vorläufig

leave the ironing for the \time being - I'll do it later lass das Bügeln einst mal - ich mach's später

in no [or next to no] [or less than no] \time [at all] im Nu

3. (pertaining to clocks)

have you got the \time? können Sie mir sagen, wie spät es ist?

what's the \time? [or what \time is it?] wie spät ist es?

excuse me, have you got the \time [on you]? Entschuldigung, haben Sie eine Uhr?

can you already tell the \time? na, kannst du denn schon die Uhr lesen?

oh dear, is that the right \time? oh je, ist es denn wirklich schon so spät/noch so früh?

the \time is 8.30 es ist 8.30 Uhr

to keep bad/good \time watch, clock falsch/richtig gehen

to gain/lose \time watch, clock vor-/nachgehen

4. (specific time or hour) Zeit f

the \time is drawing near when we'll have to make a decision der Zeitpunkt, zu dem wir uns entscheiden müssen, rückt immer näher

he recalled the \time when they had met er erinnerte sich daran, wie sie sich kennengelernt hatten

do you remember the \time Alistair fell into the river? erinnerst du dich noch daran, wie Alistair in den Fluss fiel?

we always have dinner at the same \time wir essen immer um dieselbe Zeit zu Abend

I was exhausted by the \time I got home ich war erschöpft, als ich zu Hause ankam

I'll call you ahead of \time esp AM ich rufe dich noch davor an

at this \time of day/year zu dieser Tages-/Jahreszeit

for this \time of day/year für diese Tages-/Jahreszeit

what are you doing here at this \time of the day [or night]? was machst du um diese Uhrzeit hier?

this \time tomorrow/next month morgen/nächsten Monat um diese Zeit

5. (occasion) Mal nt

the last \time we went to Paris,... das letzte Mal, als wir nach Paris fuhren,...

I'll know better next \time das nächste Mal bin ich schlauer

there are \times when I... es gibt Augenblicke, in denen ich...

sometimes I enjoy doing it, but at other \times I hate it manchmal mache ich es gerne, dann wiederum gibt es Momente, in denen ich es hasse

every [or each] \time jedes Mal

for the first \time zum ersten Mal

some other \time ein andermal

one/two at a \time jeweils eine(r, s)/zwei; persons jeweils einzeln/zu zweit

at \times manchmal

at all \times immer, jederzeit

at any [given] [or [any] one] \time immer, jederzeit

at the \time damals

at the best of \times im besten [o günstigen] Fall[e]

he can't read a map at the best of \times er kann nicht mal unter normalen Umständen eine Karte lesen

at the present [or AM this] \time im Moment

from \time to \time gelegentlich, ab und zu

6. (frequency) Mal nt

the \times I've told you... [or how many \times have I told you...] wie oft habe ich dir schon gesagt...

these shares are selling at 10 \time earnings diese Aktien werden mit einem Kurs-Gewinn-Verhältnis von 10 verkauft

\time and [\time] again immer [und immer] wieder

three/four \times a week/in a row drei/vier Mal in der Woche/hintereinander

three \times champion BRIT, AUS [or AM three \time champion] dreimaliger Meister/dreimalige Meisterin

three \times as much dreimal so viel

for the hundredth/thousandth/umpteenth \time zum hundertsten/tausendsten/x-ten Mal

lots of [or many] \times oft, viele Male

7. no pl (correct moment)

it's \time for bed es ist Zeit, ins Bett zu gehen

the \time has come to... es ist an der Zeit,...

it's \time [that] I was leaving es wird Zeit, dass ich gehe

[and] about \time [too] BRIT, AUS (yet to be accomplished) wird aber auch [langsam] Zeit!; (already accomplished) wurde aber auch [langsam] Zeit!

it's high \time that she was leaving höchste Zeit, dass sie geht!; (already gone) das war aber auch höchste Zeit, dass sie endlich geht!

we finished two weeks ahead of \time wir sind zwei Wochen früher fertig geworden

we arrived in good \time for the start of the match wir sind rechtzeitig zum Spielbeginn angekommen

to do sth dead [or exactly] [or right] on \time ( fam) etw pünktlich machen fam

the bus arrived dead on \time der Bus kam auf die Minute genau

in \time rechtzeitig

on \time pünktlich; (as scheduled) termingerecht

8. often pl (era, lifetime) Zeit f

\times are difficult [or hard] die Zeiten sind hart

at the \time of the Russian Revolution zur Zeit der Russischen Revolution

in Victorian \times im Viktorianischen Zeitalter

she is one of the best writers of modern \times sie ist eine der besten Schriftstellerinnen dieser Tage [o unserer Zeit]

at one \time, George Eliot lived here George Eliot lebte einmal hier

this was before my \time das war vor meiner Zeit

she has grown old before her \time sie ist vorzeitig gealtert

my grandmother has seen a few things in her \time meine Großmutter hat in ihrem Leben einiges gesehen

\time was when you could... es gab Zeiten, da konnte man...

if one had one's \time over again wenn man noch einmal von vorne anfangen könnte

at his \time of life in seinem Alter

the best.... of all \time der/die beste... aller Zeiten

to keep up [or AM change] with the \times mit der Zeit gehen

to be ahead of [or esp BRIT before] one's \time seiner Zeit voraus sein

to be behind the \times seiner Zeit hinterherhinken

from [or since] \time immemorial [or esp BRIT out of mind] seit undenklichen Zeiten

in [or during] former/medieval \times früher/im Mittelalter

in \times gone by früher

in my \time zu meiner Zeit

in our grandparents' \time zu Zeiten unserer Großeltern

in \times past in der Vergangenheit, früher

9. TRANSP (schedule)

arrival/departure \time Ankunfts-/Abfahrtszeit f

10. (hour registration method)

daylight saving \time Sommerzeit f

Greenwich Mean T\time Greenwicher Zeit f

11. SPORT Zeit f

record \time Rekordzeit f

he won the 100 metres in record \time er gewann das 100-Meter-Rennen in einer neuen Rekordzeit

12. (multiplied)

two \times five is ten zwei mal fünf ist zehn

ten \times bigger than... zehnmal so groß wie...

13. no pl MUS Takt m

to be/play out of \time aus dem Takt sein

to beat \time den Rhythmus schlagen

to get out of \time aus dem Takt kommen

to keep \time den Takt halten

in three-four \time im Dreivierteltakt

14. (remunerated work)

part \time Teilzeit f

short \time BRIT Kurzarbeit f

to have \time off frei haben

to take \time off sich dat freinehmen

\time off arbeitsfreie Zeit

to be paid double \time den doppelten Stundensatz [o 100% Zuschlag] bezahlt bekommen

to work [or be on] short \time BRIT kurzarbeiten

15. BRIT (end of pub hours)

“\time [please]!” „Feierabend!“ (wenn ein Pub abends schließt)

16. ([not] like)

to not give sb the \time of day jdn ignorieren

to not have much \time for sb jdn nicht mögen

to have a lot of \time for sb großen Respekt vor jdm haben

17.

▶ \times are changing die Zeiten ändern sich

▶ to do [or serve] \time ( fam) sitzen fig fam

▶ \time is of the essence die Zeit drängt

▶ \time flies [when you're having fun] ( saying) wie die Zeit vergeht!

▶ all good things in all good \time alles zu seiner Zeit

▶ \time is a great healer, \time heals all wounds ( prov) die Zeit heilt alle Wunden prov

▶ \time hangs heavy die Zeit steht still

▶ \time is money ( prov) Zeit ist Geld prov

▶ to know the \time of the day sich akk auskennen

▶ \time moves on [or passes] die Zeit rast

▶ there's a \time and a place [for everything] ( prov) alles zu seiner Zeit

▶ there's no \time like the present ( saying) was du heute kannst besorgen, das verschiebe nicht auf morgen prov

▶ [only] \time can [or will] tell ( saying) erst die Zukunft wird es zeigen

▶ \time and tide wait for no man [or no one] ( prov) man muss die Gelegenheit beim Schopf[e] packen

▶ a week is a long \time in politics ( saying) eine Woche ist lang in der Politik

II. TRANSITIVE VERB

1. (measure duration)

▪ to \time sb over 100 metres jds Zeit beim 100-Meter-Lauf nehmen

the winning team was \timed at 5 minutes 26 seconds die Siegermannschaft wurde mit 5 Minuten und 26 Sekunden gestoppt

to \time an egg darauf achten, dass man fürs Eierkochen die richtige Zeit einhält

2. (choose best moment for)

▪ to \time sth für etw akk den richtigen Zeitpunkt wählen

to be ill/well \timed zum genau falschen/richtigen Zeitpunkt kommen

3. (arrange when sth should happen)

▪ to \time sth to... etw so planen, dass...

we \timed our trip to coincide with her wedding wir legten unsere Reise so, dass sie mit ihrer Hochzeit zusammenfiel

to \time a bomb to explode at... eine Bombe so einstellen, dass sie um... explodiert

* * *
[taɪm]
1. NOUN

1) Zeit f

how time flies! — wie die Zeit vergeht!

only time will tell whether... — es muss sich erst herausstellen, ob...

it takes time to do that — das erfordert or braucht (seine) Zeit

to take (one's) time (over sth) — sich (dat) (bei etw) Zeit lassen

it took me all my time to finish — ich bin gerade noch fertig geworden

in (the course of) time — mit der Zeit

in ( next to or less than) no time — im Nu, im Handumdrehen

at this ( present) point or moment in time — zu diesem or zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt

to have a lot of/no time for sb/sth — viel/keine Zeit für jdn/etw haben; ( fig

to find time (for sb/sth) — Zeit (für jdn/etw) finden

to make time (for sb/sth) — sich (dat) Zeit (für jdn/etw) nehmen

time is on our side — die Zeit arbeitet für uns

he lost no time in telling her —

there is no time to lose — es gibt keine Zeit (mehr) zu verlieren

my time is my own — ich kann frei über meine Zeit verfügen

in or given time — mit der Zeit

in one's own/the company's time — in or während der Freizeit/Arbeitszeit

don't rush, do it in your own time — nur keine Hast, tun Sie es, wie Sie es können

time is money (prov) — Zeit ist Geld (prov)

time and tide wait for no man (Prov) — das Rad der Zeit hält niemand auf (Prov)

for some time past — seit einiger Zeit

I don't know what she's saying half the time (inf) — meistens verstehe ich gar nicht, was sie sagt

in two weeks' time — in zwei Wochen

for a time — eine Zeit lang

not before time (Brit) — das wurde auch (langsam) Zeit

to do time ( inf, in prison ) — sitzen (inf)

I get them mixed up all the time I knew that all the time — ich verwechsle sie immer das wusste ich die ganze Zeit

to be in good time — rechtzeitig dran sein

let me know in good time — sagen Sie mir rechtzeitig Bescheid

all in good time — alles zu seiner Zeit

he'll let you know in his own good time — er wird Ihnen Bescheid sagen, wenn er so weit ist

he does everything in his own good time — er lässt sich bei nichts hetzen

(for) a long time — lange

I'm going away for a long time — ich fahre für or auf längere Zeit weg

it's a long time ( since...) — es ist schon lange her(, seit...)

what a (long) time you have been! — du hast( aber) lange gebraucht!

(for) a short time — kurz

a short time later — kurz darauf

a short time ago — vor Kurzem

in a short time they were all gone — nach kurzer Zeit waren alle gegangen

to have time on one's hands —

too many people who have time on their hands — zu viele Leute, die zu viel freie Zeit haben

having time on my hands I went into a café — da ich (noch) Zeit hatte, ging ich ins Café

2)

by clock what time is it?, what's the time? — wie spät ist es?, wie viel Uhr ist es?

what time do you make it? — wie spät haben Sies?

my watch keeps good time — meine Uhr geht genau

the time is 2.30 — es ist 2.30 Uhr, die Zeit: 2.30 Uhr

it's 2 o'clock local time — es ist 2.00 Uhr Ortszeit

what was his time? (in race) — welche Zeit hatte er?

the winning time was... — die Zeit des Siegers war...

it's time (for me/us etc) to go, it's time I was/we were etc going, it's time I/we etc went — es wird Zeit, dass ich gehe/wir gehen etc

it's time for tea — es ist Teezeit

time gentlemen please! — Feierabend! (inf), bitte, trinken Sie aus, wir schließen gleich

to pass the time of day (with sb) — (mit jdm) über Belanglosigkeiten reden

I wouldn't even give him the time of day — ich würde ihm nicht einmal guten or Guten Tag sagen __diams; to tell the time (person) die Uhr kennen; (instrument) die Uhrzeit anzeigen

can you tell the time? — kennst du die Uhr? __diams; to make good time gut or schnell vorankommen

if we get to Birmingham by 3 we'll be making good time — wenn wir um 3 Uhr in Birmingham sind, sind wir ziemlich schnell

it's about time he was here (he has arrived) — es wird (aber) auch Zeit, dass er kommt; (he has not arrived) es wird langsam Zeit, dass er kommt

(and) about time too! — das wird aber auch Zeit! __diams; ahead of time zu früh

we are ahead of time — wir sind früh dran __diams; behind time zu spät

we are behind time — wir sind spät dran

at any time during the day — zu jeder Tageszeit

not at this time of night! — nicht zu dieser nachtschlafenden Zeit or Stunde!

at one time — früher, einmal

at any time — jederzeit

come (at) any time — du kannst jederzeit kommen

at no time — niemals

at the same time (lit) — gleichzeitig

they arrived at the same time as us — sie kamen zur gleichen Zeit an wie wir

but at the same time, you must admit that... — aber andererseits müssen Sie zugeben, dass...

it was hard, but at the same time you could have tried — es war schwierig, aber Sie hätten es trotzdem versuchen können __diams; in/on time rechtzeitig

to be in time for sth — rechtzeitig zu etw kommen

on time — pünktlich

the trains are on time — die Züge fahren pünktlich

the trains are running to time — die Züge fahren pünktlich

3) = moment, season Zeit f

there's a time and a place for everything — alles zu seiner Zeit

this is hardly the time or the place to... — dies ist wohl kaum die rechte Zeit oder der rechte Ort, um...

this is no time for quarrelling or to quarrel — jetzt ist nicht die Zeit, sich zu streiten

well, this is a fine time to tell me that (iro) — Sie haben sich (dat) wahrhaftig eine gute Zeit ausgesucht, um mir das zu sagen

there are times when... — es gibt Augenblicke, wo or da (geh)...

at the or that time — damals, zu der Zeit, seinerzeit

at this (particular) time, at the present time — zurzeit

sometimes..., (at) other times... —

from that time on since that time — von der Zeit an, von da an seit der Zeit

this time last year/week — letztes Jahr/letzte Woche um diese Zeit

to choose or pick one's time — sich (dat) einen günstigen Zeitpunkt aussuchen

to die before one's time — zu früh sterben

my time is ( almost) up — meine or die Zeit ist (gleich) um

the time has come (to do sth) — es ist an der Zeit(, etw zu tun)

the time has come for us to leave — es ist Zeit für uns zu gehen

when the time comes — wenn es so weit ist

when her time comes (of pregnant woman) — wenn es (mit dem Baby) so weit ist

when the time comes for you to be the leader — wenn Sie an der Reihe sind, die Führung zu übernehmen __diams; at + times manchmal

at all times — jederzeit, immer

at various times in the past — schon verschiedene Male or verschiedentlich __diams; between times (inf) zwischendurch

by the time it had finished — als es zu Ende war

by the time we arrive, there's not going to be anything left — bis wir ankommen, ist nichts mehr übrig

by that time we knew — da or inzwischen wussten wir es

by that time we'll know — dann or bis dahin wissen wir es __diams; by this time inzwischen

by this time next year/tomorrow — nächstes Jahr/morgen um diese Zeit __diams; from time to time, (US) time to time dann und wann, von Zeit zu Zeit

until such time as... — so lange bis...

until such time as you apologize — solange du dich nicht entschuldigst, bis du dich entschuldigst

this time of the day/year — diese Tages-/Jahreszeit

at this time of the week/month — zu diesem Zeitpunkt der Woche/des Monats

now's the time to do it —

now's my/your etc time to do it — jetzt habe ich/hast du etc Gelegenheit, es zu tun

4)

= occasion this time — diesmal, dieses Mal

every or each time... — jedes Mal, wenn...

many a time, many times — viele Male

many's the time I have heard him say... — ich habe ihn schon oft sagen hören...

for the last time — zum letzten Mal

and he's not very bright at the best of times — und er ist ohnehin or sowieso nicht sehr intelligent

the time before — das letzte or vorige Mal

the time before last — das vorletzte Mal

time and (time) again, time after time — immer wieder, wieder und wieder (geh)

I've told you a dozen times... — ich habe dir schon x-mal gesagt...

nine times out of ten... — neun von zehn Malen...

she comes three times a week — sie kommt dreimal pro Woche or in der Woche

they came in one/three etc at a time — sie kamen einzeln/immer zu dritt etc herein

four at a time — vier auf einmal

for weeks at a time — wochenlang __diams; a time

he pays me £10 a time — er zahlt mir jedes Mal £ 10

rides on the roundabout cost £2 a time — eine Fahrt auf dem Karussell kostet £ 2 __diams; (the) next time

(the) next time I see you — wenn ich dich nächstes Mal or das nächste Mal sehe

(the) last time he was here — letztes Mal or das letzte Mal, als er hier war

5) MATH

2 times 3 is 6 — 2 mal 3 ist 6

it was ten times as big as or ten times the size of... —

our profits are rising four times faster than our competitors' — unsere Gewinne steigen viermal so schnell wie die unserer Konkurrenten

6)

= rate Sunday is (paid) double time/time and a half — sonntags gibt es 100%/50% Zuschlag

7) = era Zeit f

this is the greatest problem of our time — das ist das größte Problem unserer Zeit

in my time — zu meiner Zeit

it happened before my time — das war vor meiner Zeit

of all time — aller Zeiten

time was when... — es gab Zeiten, da...

he is ahead of his time or before his time — er ist seiner Zeit (weit) voraus

in Victorian times — im Viktorianischen Zeitalter

in olden times — in alten Zeiten

times are hard — die Zeiten sind hart or schwer

when times are hard —

times change — die Zeiten ändern sich

times are changing — es kommen andere Zeiten

times are changing for the better/worse — es kommen bessere/schlechtere Zeiten

times have changed for the better/worse — die Zeiten haben sich gebessert/verschlechtert

to be behind the times — rückständig sein, hinter dem Mond leben (inf)

to keep up with the times — mit der Zeit gehen

8)

= experience to have the time of one's life — eine herrliche Zeit verbringen, sich glänzend amüsieren

what a time we had or that was! —

what times we had!, what times they were! — das waren (noch) Zeiten!

to have an easy/a hard time — es leicht/schwer haben

we had an easy/a hard time getting to the finals — es war leicht für uns/wir hatten Schwierigkeiten, in die Endrunde zu kommen

was it difficult? – no, we had an easy time (of it) —

he didn't have an easy time of it in the operating theatre — er war im Operationssaal schlimm dran

to have a bad/rough time — viel mitmachen

to give sb a bad/rough etc time (of it) — jdm das Leben schwer machen

we had such a bad time with the travel agency —

the goalkeeper had a rough time — der Torwart hatte schwer zu kämpfen

we had a good time — es war (sehr) schön, es hat uns (dat)

he doesn't look as though he's having a good time — es scheint ihm hier nicht besonders gut zu gefallen

have a good time! — viel Vergnügen or Spaß!

to show sb a good time — jdn ausführen

she'll give you a good time for £30 — bei ihr kannst du dich für £ 30 amüsieren

9) = rhythm Takt m

(to be) in time (with) — im Takt (sein) (mit)

(to be) out of time — aus dem Takt (sein)

you're singing out of time (with the others) — du singst nicht im Takt (mit den anderen)

3/4 time — Dreivierteltakt m

2. TRANSITIVE VERB

1)

= choose time of to time sth perfectly — genau den richtigen Zeitpunkt für etw wählen

you must learn to time your requests a little more tactfully — du musst lernen, deine Forderungen zu einem geeigneteren Zeitpunkt vorzubringen

he timed his arrival to coincide with... —

you timed that well — du hast dir den richtigen Zeitpunkt (dafür) ausgesucht

the bomb is timed to explode at... — die Bombe ist so eingestellt, dass sie um... explodiert

2) = measure time of with stopwatch stoppen; speed messen

to time sb (over 1000 metres) — jdn (auf 1000 Meter) stoppen, jds Zeit (auf or über 1000 Meter) nehmen

time how long it takes you, time yourself — sieh auf die Uhr, wie lange du brauchst; (with stopwatch) stopp, wie lange du brauchst

to time an egg — auf die Uhr sehen, wenn man ein Ei kocht

a computer that times its operator — ein Computer, der die Zeit misst, die sein Operator braucht

* * *

time [taım]

A s

1. Zeit f:

time past, present, and to come Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft;

for all time für alle Zeiten;

as time went on im Laufe der Zeit;

time will show die Zeit wird es lehren;

Father Time die Zeit (personifiziert);

(as) old as time uralt;

time is money (Sprichwort) Zeit ist Geld

2. (endliche oder irdische) Zeit (Ggs Ewigkeit)

3. ASTRON Zeit f:

astronomical time

4. Zeit f, Uhr(zeit) f:

what’s the time?, what time is it? wie viel Uhr ist es?, wie spät ist es?;

what time? um wie viel Uhr?;

the time is half past three es ist jetzt halb vier;

at this time of day

a) zu dieser (späten) Tageszeit, zu so später Stunde,

b) fig so spät, in diesem späten Stadium;

can you tell me the time of day?, have you got the time? können Sie mir sagen, wie spät es ist?;

pass the time of day

a) sich Gesellschaft leisten,

b) (kurz) miteinander plaudern;

pass the time of day with sb

a) jemandem Gesellschaft leisten,

b) (kurz) mit jemandem plaudern;

know the time of day umg wissen, was es geschlagen hat;

so that’s the time of day! umg so stehts also!;

some time about noon etwa um Mittag;

this time tomorrow morgen um diese Zeit;

this time twelve months heute übers Jahr;

keep good time richtig oder genau gehen (Uhr)

5. Zeit(dauer) f, Zeitabschnitt m, ( auch PHYS Fall- etc) Dauer f, WIRTSCH auch Arbeitszeit f (im Herstellungsprozess etc):

a long time lange Zeit;

that was a long time ago das ist schon lange her;

some time longer noch einige Zeit;

be a long time in doing sth lange (Zeit) dazu brauchen, etwas zu tun;

long time no hear (see) umg wir haben ja schon seit einer Ewigkeit nichts mehr voneinander gehört (wir haben uns ja schon seit einer Ewigkeit nicht mehr gesehen);

time of a draft WIRTSCH Laufzeit f eines Wechsels;

in times of war in Kriegszeiten; → all A 1, hard A 10, no¹ C 1, probation 3

6. Zeit(punkt) f(m):

time of arrival Ankunftszeit;

an unfortunate time ein unglücklicher Zeitpunkt;

at the time

a) zu dieser Zeit, damals,

b) gerade;

at the present time derzeit, gegenwärtig;

at the same time

a) gleichzeitig, zur selben Zeit,

b) trotzdem;

at that time zu der Zeit;

at this time of the year zu dieser Jahreszeit;

at one time einst, früher (einmal);

at some time irgendwann (einmal);

for the time für den Augenblick;

for the time being

a) vorläufig, fürs Erste,

b) unter den gegenwärtigen Umständen;

in three weeks’ time in oder binnen drei Wochen; → about A 2, departure 2

7. meist pl Zeit(alter) f(n), Zeiten pl, Epoche f:

at ( oder in) the time of Queen Anne zur Zeit der Königin Anna;

in our time in unserer Zeit;

she was a legend in her own time sie war schon zu Lebzeiten eine Legende;

other times, other manners (Sprichwort) andere Zeiten, andere Sitten; → old A 4

8. pl Zeiten pl, Zeitverhältnisse pl

9. the times pl die Zeit: → move B 2

10. Frist f, (zugemessene) Zeit:

time of delivery WIRTSCH Lieferfrist, -zeit;

time for payment Zahlungsfrist;

ask time WIRTSCH um Frist(verlängerung) bitten;

you must give me time Sie müssen mir Zeit geben oder lassen

11. (verfügbare) Zeit:

buy a little time etwas Zeit schinden, eine kleine Galgenfrist gewinnen;

I can never call my time my own ich kann nie frei über meine Zeit verfügen;

have no time keine Zeit haben;

have no time for sb fig nichts übrighaben für jemanden;

have all the time in the world umg jede Menge Zeit haben;

take (the) time sich die Zeit nehmen ( to do zu tun);

take one’s time sich Zeit lassen;

take your time auch es eilt nicht, überleg es dir in aller Ruhe;

time is up! die Zeit ist um oder abgelaufen!; → forelock¹

12. ( oft schöne) Zeit, Erlebnis n:

have the time of one’s life

a) sich großartig amüsieren,

b) leben wie ein Fürst

13. unangenehme Zeit, Unannehmlichkeit f

14. (Zeit-)Lohn m, besonders Stundenlohn m

15. umg (Zeit f im) Knast m:

do time (im Gefängnis) sitzen ( for wegen)

16. Lehrzeit f, -jahre pl

17. (bestimmte oder passende) Zeit:

the time has come for sth to happen es ist an der Zeit, dass etwas geschieht;

there is a time for everything, all in good time alles zu seiner Zeit;

it’s time for bed es ist Zeit, ins oder zu Bett zu gehen;

it’s time for breakfast es ist Zeit zum Frühstück(en); → high time

18. a) (natürliche oder normale) Zeit

b) (Lebens)Zeit f:

time of life Alter n;

his time is drawing near seine Zeit ist gekommen, sein Tod naht heran;

the time was not yet die Zeit war noch nicht gekommen

19. a) Schwangerschaft f

b) Niederkunft f:

she is far on in her time sie ist hochschwanger;

she is near her time sie steht kurz vor der Entbindung

20. (günstige) Zeit:

now is the time jetzt ist die passende Gelegenheit, jetzt gilt es ( beide:

to do zu tun);

at such times bei solchen Gelegenheiten

21. Mal n:

the first time das erste Mal;

for the first time zum ersten Mal;

each time that … jedes Mal, wenn …;

time and again, time after time immer wieder;

at some other time, another time ein andermal;

at a time auf einmal, zusammen, zugleich, jeweils;

one at a time einzeln, immer eine(r, s);

two at a time zu zweit, paarweise, jeweils zwei; → every Bes Redew, lucky 1

22. pl mal, …mal:

three times four is twelve drei mal vier ist zwölf;

twenty times zwanzigmal;

three times the population of Coventry dreimal so viele Einwohner wie Coventry;

four times the size of yours viermal so groß wie deines;

six times the amount die sechsfache Menge;

several times mehrmals

23. besonders SPORT (erzielte, gestoppte) Zeit:

the winner’s time is 2.50 minutes

24. Einheit f der Zeit (im Drama)

25. LIT metrische Einheit, besonders Mora f (kleinste metrische Einheit im Verstakt)

26. Tempo n, Zeitmaß n

27. MUS

a) → time value

b) Tempo n, Zeitmaß n

c) Rhythmus m, Takt(bewegung) m(f)

d) Takt (-art f) m:

time variation Tempoveränderung f;

in time to the music im Takt zur Musik;

beat (keep) time den Takt schlagen (halten)

28. MIL Marschtempo n, Schritt m: → mark¹ B 1

B v/t

1. (mit der Uhr) messen, (ab-)stoppen, die Zeit messen von (oder gen)

2. timen ( auch SPORT), die Zeit oder den richtigen Zeitpunkt wählen oder bestimmen für, zur rechten Zeit tun

3. zeitlich abstimmen

4. die Zeit festsetzen für, (zeitlich) legen:

the train is timed to leave at 7 der Zug soll um 7 abfahren;

he timed the test at 30 minutes er setzte für den Test 30 Minuten an

5. eine Uhr richten, stellen:

the alarm clock is timed to ring at six der Wecker ist auf sechs gestellt

6. zeitlich regeln (to nach), TECH den Zündpunkt etc einstellen, (elektronisch etc) steuern

7. das Tempo oder den Takt angeben für

C v/i

1. Takt halten

2. zeitlich zusammen- oder übereinstimmen ( with mit)Besondere Redewendungen: against time gegen die Zeit oder Uhr, mit größter Eile;

be ahead of time zu früh (daran) sein;

be (well) ahead of ( oder in advance of) one’s time seiner Zeit (weit) voraus sein;

be behind time zu spät daran sein, Verspätung haben;

be 10 minutes behind time 10 Minuten Verspätung haben;

be behind one’s time rückständig sein;

between times in den Zwischenzeiten;

five minutes from time SPORT fünf Minuten vor Schluss;

from time to time von Zeit zu Zeit;

in time

a) rechtzeitig ( to do um zu tun),

b) mit der Zeit,

c) im (richtigen) Takt in time of in Zeiten von (od gen);

on time

a) pünktlich,

b) bes US für eine (bestimmte) Zeit,

c) WIRTSCH US auf Zeit, besonders auf Raten out of time

a) zur Unzeit, unzeitig,

b) vorzeitig,

c) zu spät,

d) aus dem Takt oder Schritt till such time as … so lange, bis …;

with time mit der Zeit;

time was, when … die Zeit ist vorüber, als …;

time has been when … es gab eine Zeit, da …; → any A 2, no¹ C 1

t. abk

1. teaspoon (teaspoonful) TL

2. temperature

3. tempore, in the time of

4. LING tense

5. time

6. ton ( tons pl) t

7. LING transitive

T. abk

1. teaspoon (teaspoonful) TL

2. territory

3. Thursday Do.

4. time

5. Tuesday Di.

* * *
1. noun
1) no pl., no art. Zeit, die

the greatest composer of all time — der größte Komponist aller Zeiten

for all time — für immer [und ewig]

past/present/future time — Vergangenheit, die/Gegenwart, die/Zukunft, die

stand the test of time — die Zeit überdauern; sich bewähren

in [the course of] time, as time goes on/went on — mit der Zeit; im Laufe der Zeit

as old as time — uralt

time will tell or show — die Zukunft wird es zeigen

at this point or moment in time — zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt

time flies — die Zeit vergeht [wie] im Fluge

work against time — unter Zeitdruck arbeiten

in time, with time — (sooner or later) mit der Zeit

2) (interval, available or allotted period) Zeit, die

in a week's/month's/year's time — in einer Woche/in einem Monat/Jahr

there is time for that — dafür ist od. haben wir noch Zeit

it takes me all my time to do it — es beansprucht meine ganze Zeit, es zu tun

give one's time to something — einer Sache (Dat.) seine Zeit opfern

waste of time — Zeitverschwendung, die

spend [most of one's/a lot of] time on something/[in] doing something — [die meiste/viel] Zeit mit etwas zubringen/damit verbringen, etwas zu tun

I have been waiting for some/a long time — ich warte schon seit einiger Zeit/schon lange

she will be there for [quite] some time — sie wird ziemlich lange dort sein

be pressed for time — keine Zeit haben; (have to finish quickly) in Zeitnot sein

pass the time — sich (Dat.) die Zeit vertreiben

length of time — Zeit[dauer], die

make time for somebody/something — sich (Dat.) für jemanden/etwas Zeit nehmen

a short time ago — vor kurzem

that's a long time ago — das ist schon lange her

in one's own time — in seiner Freizeit; (whenever one wishes) wann man will

take one's time [over something] — sich (Dat.) [für etwas] Zeit lassen; (be slow) sich (Dat.) Zeit [mit etwas] lassen

time is money — (prov.) Zeit ist Geld (Spr.)

in [good] time — (not late) rechtzeitig

all the or this time — die ganze Zeit; (without ceasing) ständig

in [less than or next to] no time — innerhalb kürzester Zeit; im Nu od. Handumdrehen

in half the time — in der Hälfte der Zeit

half the time — (coll.): (as often as not) fast immer

it will take [some] time — es wird einige Zeit dauern

have the/no time — Zeit/keine Zeit haben

have no time for somebody/something — für jemanden/etwas ist einem seine Zeit zu schade

there is no time to lose or be lost — es ist keine Zeit zu verlieren

lose no time in doing something — (not delay) etwas unverzüglich tun

do time — (coll.) eine Strafe absitzen (ugs.)

in my time — (heyday) zu meiner Zeit (ugs.); (in the course of my life) im Laufe meines Lebens

in my time — (period at a place) zu meiner Zeit (ugs.)

time off or out — freie Zeit

get/take time off — frei bekommen/sich (Dat.) frei nehmen (ugs.)

Time! — (Boxing) Stop!; Time!; (Brit.): (in pub) Feierabend!

have a lot of time for somebody — (fig.) für jemandem viel übrig haben

3) no pl. (moment or period destined for purpose) Zeit, die

harvest/Christmas time — Ernte-/Weihnachtszeit, die

there is a time and place for everything — alles zu seiner Zeit

now is the time to do it — jetzt ist die richtige Zeit, es zu tun

time for lunch — Zeit zum Mittagessen

it is time to go — es wird Zeit zu gehen

and not before time — und es wurde auch Zeit

when the time comes/came — wenn es so weit ist/als es so weit war

on time — (punctually) pünktlich

ahead of time — zu früh [ankommen]; vorzeitig [fertig werden]

all in good time — alles zu seiner Zeit; see also be 2. 1)

4) in sing. or pl. (circumstances) Zeit, die

times are good/bad/have changed — die Zeiten sind gut/schlecht/haben sich verändert

have a good time — Spaß haben (ugs.); sich amüsieren

have a hard time [of it] — eine schwere Zeit durchmachen

5) (associated with events or person[s]) Zeit, die

in time of peace/war — in Friedens-/Kriegszeiten

in Tudor/ancient times — zur Zeit der Tudors/der Antike

in former/modern times — früher/heutzutage

ahead of or before one's/its time — seiner Zeit voraus

at one time — (previously) früher

6) (occasion) Mal, das

for the first time — zum ersten Mal

next time you come — wenn du das nächste Mal kommst

ten/a hundred/a thousand times — zehn- / hundert- / tausendmal

many times — sehr oft

many's the time [that]..., many a time... — viele Male...

at all times — jederzeit

at times — gelegentlich

from time to time — von Zeit zu Zeit

at other times — sonst

at one time or another — irgendwann einmal

at a time like this/that — unter diesen/solchen Umständen

at the or that time — (in the past) damals

at one time, at [one and] the same time — (simultaneously) gleichzeitig

at the same time — (nevertheless) gleichwohl

between times — zwischendurch

time and [time] again, time after time — immer [und immer] wieder

pay somebody £6 a time — jemandem für jedes Mal 6 Pfund zahlen

one at a time — einzeln

two at a time — jeweils zwei

for hours/weeks at a time — stundenlang/wochenlang [ohne Unterbrechung]

7) (point in day etc.) [Uhr]zeit, die

at the same time every morning — jeden Morgen um dieselbe Zeit

what time is it?, what is the time? — wie spät ist es?

have you [got] the time? — kannst du mir sagen, wie spät es ist?

tell the time — (read a clock) die Uhr lesen

time of day — Tageszeit, die

[at this] time of [the] year — [um diese] Jahreszeit

at this time of [the] night — zu dieser Nachtstunde

pass the time of day — (coll.) ein paar Worte wechseln

by this/that time — inzwischen

by the time [that] we arrived — bis wir hinkamen

[by] this time tomorrow — morgen um diese Zeit

keep good time — [Uhr:] genau od. richtig gehen

8) (amount) Zeit, die

make good time — gut vorwärts kommen

[your] time's up! — deine Zeit ist um (ugs.) od. abgelaufen

9) (multiplication) mal

three times four — drei mal vier

four times the size of/higher than something — viermal so groß wie/höher als etwas

10) (Mus.) (duration of note) Zeitdauer, die; (measure) Takt, der

in three-four time — im Dreivierteltakt

keep in time with the music — den Takt halten

out of time/in time — aus dem/im Takt

keep time with something — bei etwas den Takt [ein]halten
2. transitive verb
1) (do at correct time) zeitlich abstimmen

be well/ill timed — zur richtigen/falschen Zeit kommen

2) (set to operate at correct time) justieren (Technik); einstellen

3) (arrange time of arrival/departure of)

the bus is timed to connect with the train — der Bus hat einen direkten Anschluss an den Zug

be timed to take 90 minutes — fahrplanmäßig 90 Minuten dauern

4) (measure time taken by) stoppen

time an egg — auf die richtige Kochdauer für ein Ei achten
•• Cultural note:
Times - The Times

Eine britische überregionale Tageszeitung, deren Pendant am Sonntag The Sunday Times ist. Sie ist eine broadsheet-Zeitung und zählt zur seriösen Presse. Sie ist politisch unabhängig, wird jedoch gemeinhin als konservativ angesehen. Sie ist die älteste Zeitung in England und wurde erstmals 1785 veröffentlicht

* * *

adj.

zeitlich adj. n.

Tempo -s n.

Zeit -en f.

English-german dictionary > time
3 BIOS

['baios] n. shkurtesë nga b asic i nput o utput s ystem ( BIOS) sistemi themelor për hyrje-dalje ( informatikë)

What is BIOS?

BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input/Output System. It is the boot firmware program on a PC, and controls the computer from the time you start it up until the operating system takes over. When you turn on a PC, the BIOS first conducts a basic hardware check, called a Power-On Self Test (POST), to determine whether all of the attachments are present and working. Then it loads the operating system into your computer's random access memory, or RAM.

The BIOS also manages data flow between the computer's operating system and attached devices such as the hard disk, video card, keyboard, mouse, and printer.

The BIOS stores the date, the time, and your system configuration information in a battery-powered, non-volatile memory chip, called a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) after its manufacturing process.

Although the BIOS is standardized and should rarely require updating, some older BIOS chips may not accommodate new hardware devices. Before the early 1990s, you couldn't update the BIOS without removing and replacing its ROM chip. Contemporary BIOS resides on memory chips such as flash chips or EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), so that you can update the BIOS yourself if necessary.

For detailed information about BIOS updates, visit:

What is firmware?

Firmware consists of programs installed semi-permanently into memory, using various types of programmable ROM chips, such as PROMS, EPROMs, EEPROMs, and flash chips.

Firmware is non-volatile, and will remain in memory after you turn the system off.

Often, the term firmware is used to refer specifically to boot firmware, which controls a computer from the time that it is turned on until the primary operating system has taken over. Boot firmware's main function is to initialize the hardware and then to boot (load and execute) the primary operating system. On PCs, the boot firmware is usually referred to as the BIOS.

What is the difference between memory and disk storage?

Memory and disk storage both refer to internal storage space in a computer.

The term memory usually means RAM (Random Access Memory). To refer to hard drive storage, the terms disk space or storage are usually used.

Typically, computers have much less memory than disk space, because RAM is much more expensive per megabyte than a hard disk. Today, a typical desktop computer might come with 512MB of RAM, and a 40 gigabyte hard disk.

Virtual memory is disk space that has been designated to act like RAM.

Computers also contain a small amount of ROM, or read-only memory, containing permanent or semi-permanent (firmware) instructions for checking hardware and starting up the computer. On a PC, this is called the BIOS.

What is RAM?

RAM stands for Random Access Memory. RAM provides space for your computer to read and write data to be accessed by the CPU (central processing unit). When people refer to a computer's memory, they usually mean its RAM.

New computers typically come with at least 256 megabytes (MB) of RAM installed, and can be upgraded to 512MB or even a gigabyte or more.

If you add more RAM to your computer, you reduce the number of times your CPU must read data from your hard disk. This usually allows your computer to work considerably faster, as RAM is many times faster than a hard disk.

RAM is volatile, so data stored in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. As soon as you turn the computer off, the data stored in RAM disappears.

When you turn your computer on again, your computer's boot firmware (called BIOS on a PC) uses instructions stored semi-permanently in ROM chips to read your operating system and related files from the disk and load them back into RAM.

Note: On a PC, different parts of RAM may be more or less easily accessible to programs. For example, cache RAM is made up of very high-speed RAM chips which sit between the CPU and main RAM, storing (i.e., caching) memory accesses by the CPU. Cache RAM helps to alleviate the gap between the speed of a CPU's megahertz rating and the ability of RAM to respond and deliver data. It reduces how often the CPU must wait for data from main memory.

What is ROM?

ROM is an acronym for Read-Only Memory. It refers to computer memory chips containing permanent or semi-permanent data. Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile; even after you turn off your computer, the contents of ROM will remain.

Almost every computer comes with a small amount of ROM containing the boot firmware. This consists of a few kilobytes of code that tell the computer what to do when it starts up, e.g., running hardware diagnostics and loading the operating system into RAM. On a PC, the boot firmware is called the BIOS.

Originally, ROM was actually read-only. To update the programs in ROM, you had to remove and physically replace your ROM chips. Contemporary versions of ROM allow some limited rewriting, so you can usually upgrade firmware such as the BIOS by using installation software. Rewritable ROM chips include PROMs (programmable read-only memory), EPROMs (erasable read-only memory), EEPROMs (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), and a common variation of EEPROMs called flash memory.

What is an ACPI BIOS?

ACPI is an acronym that stands for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, a power management specification developed by Intel, Microsoft, and Toshiba. ACPI support is built into Windows 98 and later operating systems. ACPI is designed to allow the operating system to control the amount of power provided to each device or peripheral attached to the computer system. This provides much more stable and efficient power management and makes it possible for the operating system to turn off selected devices, such as a monitor or CD-ROM drive, when they are not in use.

ACPI should help eliminate computer lockup on entering power saving or sleep mode. This will allow for improved power management, especially in portable computer systems where reducing power consumption is critical for extending battery life. ACPI also allows for the computer to be turned on and off by external devices, so that the touch of a mouse or the press of a key will "wake up" the computer. This new feature of ACPI, called OnNow, allows a computer to enter a sleep mode that uses very little power.

In addition to providing power management, ACPI also evolves the existing Plug and Play BIOS (PnP BIOS) to make adding and configuring new hardware devices easier. This includes support for legacy non-PnP devices and improved support for combining older devices with ACPI hardware, allowing both to work in a more efficient manner in the same computer system. The end result of this is to make the BIOS more PnP compatible.

What is CMOS?

CMOS, short for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, is a low-power, low-heat semiconductor technology used in contemporary microchips, especially useful for battery-powered devices. The specific technology is explained in detail at:

http://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci213860,00.html

Most commonly, though, the term CMOS is used to refer to small battery-powered configuration chips on system boards of personal computers, where the BIOS stores the date, the time, and system configuration details.

How do I enter the Setup program in my BIOS?

Warning: Your BIOS Setup program is very powerful. An incorrect setting could cause your computer not to boot properly. You should make sure you understand what a setting does before you change it.

You can usually run Setup by pressing a special function key or key combination soon after turning on the computer, during its power-on self test (POST), before the operating system loads (or before the operating system's splash screen shows). During POST, the BIOS usually displays a prompt such as:

Press F2 to enter Setup

Many newer computers display a brief screen, usually black and white, with the computer manufacturer's logo during POST.

Entering the designated keystroke will take you into the BIOS Setup. Common keystrokes to enter the BIOS Setup are F1, F2, F10, and Del.

On some computers, such as some Gateway or Compaq computers, graphics appear during the POST, and the BIOS information is hidden. You must press Esc to make these graphics disappear. Your monitor will then display the correct keystroke to enter.

Note: If you press the key too early or too often, the BIOS may display an error message. To avoid this, wait about five seconds after turning the power on, and then press the key once or twice.

What's the difference between BIOS and CMOS?

Many people use the terms BIOS (basic input/output system) and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) to refer to the same thing. Though they are related, they are distinct and separate components of a computer. The BIOS is the program that starts a computer up, and the CMOS is where the BIOS stores the date, time, and system configuration details it needs to start the computer.

The BIOS is a small program that controls the computer from the time it powers on until the time the operating system takes over. The BIOS is firmware, which means it cannot store variable data.

CMOS is a type of memory technology, but most people use the term to refer to the chip that stores variable data for startup. A computer's BIOS will initialize and control components like the floppy and hard drive controllers and the computer's hardware clock, but the specific parameters for startup and initializing components are stored in the CMOS.

English-Albanian dictionary > BIOS
4 time

[taɪm]
n

1) время, продолжительность (чего-либо происходящего), длительность (чего-либо происходящего)

Busiest men find the most time. — У занятого человека на все есть время.

Lost time is never found again. — Потерянного времени не воротишь.

What greater crime than loss of time. — Ничего нет дороже времени.

Time works wonders. — Время творит чудеса.

Time and tide wait for no man. — Время не ждет.

- much time

- some time
- lake of time
- space and time
- lot of time
- in the course of time co
- for the time being
- over time co
- at no time
- waste time
- pass the time
- spend time
- take time
- have time for smth
- have no time for smth
- find time for smth
- drag time
- lose track of time
- make time
- give smb time to do smth
- take smb's time
- be hard pressed for time
- play for time
- work against time
- stand the test of time
- time is precious
- time is money
- it takes time
- as time goes on
- take your time
- time is up!
2) единица системы исчисления времени

- Mean time
- Greenwich time
- Moscow time
- solar time
- astronomical time
- estimated time
- machine time
- by Moscow time
- buy machine time
3) период времени, промежуток времени

- busy time
- free time
- leisure time
- hard time
- war time
- summer time
- time of trial
- coldest time of the year
- the rest of the time

- since time immemorial

- for a short time

- for a long time

- in one's own time
- in my spare time
- in good time
- in no time
- for a time

- after a time
- at dinner time
- at lunch time
- in two weeks' time
- at the best of times
- make a time of it
- work full time
- have enough time for smth
- have enough time to do smth
- do smth in half the time
- be short of time
- have time for everything
- time is out of joint
4) точный момент времени

The train runs (arrived) in time. — Поезд ходит (пришед) по расписанию.

What is the right time? — Сколько сейчас точно времени?

What time do you make it? — Сколько времени по вашим часам?

- the right time

- opening time
- this time next week
- once upon a time

- before time
- behind time
- in due time
- in time
- on time
- out of time
- at this time of night

- at any time of day or night
- tell the time
- find out the times of the trains
- look at the time
- it's high time to do smth
- it's no time to say so
- what time is it?
5) век, жизнь, возраст

Other times other manners. — Другие времена, другие нравы.

It happened in their time. — Это произошло на их памяти.

It was before our time. — Мы этого уже не застали. /Нас еще тогда не было.

She grew old before her time. — Она состарилась раньше времени.

- Shakespeare time
- ancient times
- good old times
- sign of time
- in those times
- at all times
- in my time
- during his life time
- end of time
- be ahead one's time
- be behind one's time
- keep up with the time
- my time has come
6) раз

Don't do two things at a time. — Не берись за два дела сразу.

All in good time. — Всему свое время.

All in good time. — ◊ Всему свой черед. /Всякому овощу свое время.

A stitch in time saves nine. — ◊ Дорога ложка к обеду.

No man is wise at all times. — ◊ И на солнце есть пятна. /На всякого мудреца довольно простоты.

- this rime

- next time

- two times
- many times
- every time
- first time
- five times running
- five times faster
- two times as much
- three times a week
- some other time

- time and again
- times out of number
- one at a time
- from time to time

- for hours at a time
- jump three steps at time
- how many times?
- two times two makes four
7) ритм муз., темп

- beat the time
- march in quick time
•

CHOICE OF WORDS:

(1.) Русскому словосочетанию провести время в английском языке соответствуют to spand time и to pass the time. Словосочетание to spand time обычно употребляется с последующим герундием to spand time doing smth и обозначает отводить чему-либо время/заниматься чем-либо/быть чем-либо занятым. Сочетание to pass the time указывает на период времени, который чем-либо заполнен в ожидании какого-то другого действия или события: There was an hour before the train so I passed the time reading newspapers. До поезда остался час, и я занялся чтением газет. Русскому сочетанию хорошо провести время соответствует английское сочетание to have a good time. (2.) Указание на время совершения действия передается разными словосочетаниями и конструкциями: at one time когда-то; earlier раньше/до чего-либо; once однажды; some time когда-нибудь/как-нибудь; sometimes иногда; afterwards после; in the last few days за последние несколько дней; at once сейчас же/немедленно; before long вскоре; immediately немедленно; in future в будущем; soon вскоре; just now только что; now сейчас; nowadays в наше время; the other day на днях/недавно; right now/away тут же/немедленно; one of these days на днях/через несколько дней; sooner or later рано или поздно; at the moment в данный момент; at persent в настоящее время; in a moment через несколько минут; in time своевременно/вовремя; on time вовремя/по расписанию

USAGE:

(1.) Русское сочетание "в первый (в последний) раз" эквивалентно сочетаниям со словом time 5.: for the first (last) time, которое обычно стоит в конце предложения. В начале предложения чаще употребляется беспредложная конструкция: The first (last) time I saw him was... Первый раз (в последний раз) я его видел в.... Вместо этих словосочетаний может использоваться наречие first (last), которое стоит перед смысловым глаголом или в конце предложения: When did you see her first (last)? He first met the man a year ago. (2.) Наречные обороты относительного времени in time, on time и in a moment обычно стоят в конце предложения. (3.) See first, adj, adv (4.) See last adj, adv

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > time
5 trot

trot
1. past tense, past participle - trotted; verb
((of a horse) to move with fairly fast, bouncy steps, faster than a walk but slower than a canter or gallop: The horse trotted down the road; The child trotted along beside his mother.) trotar

2. noun
(the pace at which a horse or rider etc moves when trotting: They rode at a trot.) trote

- trotter

trot vb trotar

El pasado y participio pasado de trot se escribe trotted; el gerundio se escribe trotting

trot

tr[trɒt]

noun

1 trote nombre masculino

■ he broke into a trot empezó a trotar

transitive verb

1 hacer trotar

intransitive verb

1 (gen) trotar, ir al trote; (on horse) cabalgar al trote

2 familiar (go) ir

plural noun the trots

1 familiar diarrea f sing

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

on the trot (one after the other) seguidos,-as 2 (continually busy) siempre ocupado,-a

to have the trots tener cagalera

trot ['trɑt] vi, trotted ; trotting : trotar

trot n

: trote m

trot

v.

• hacer trotar v.

• trotar v.

n.

• trote s.m.

trɑːt, trɒt
I

noun (no pl) trote m

to go at a trot — ir* al trote, trotar

to break into a trot — empezar* a trotar

on the trot — (BrE colloq)

four times/nights on the trot — cuatro veces/noches seguidas

to have the trots — (colloq) tener* diarrea, estar* churriento (Col) or (Chi) churrete (fam), tener* cagalera (Esp) or (Méx) chorrillo (fam)

II
1.

- tt- intransitive verb

a) ( Equ) \<\<horse/rider\>\> trotar

b) (go) (+ adv compl)

I'm just trotting across o over to the library — voy un momento hasta la biblioteca

2.

vt hacer* trotar

Phrasal Verbs:

- trot out

[trɒt]
1. N

1) (=step) trote m

at an easy trot, at a slow trot — a trote corto

to break into a trot — [horse, rider] echar a trotar; [person] echar a correr

to go for a trot — (on horse) ir a montar a caballo

- be always on the trot

- keep sb on the trot

2)

on the trot * — seguidos, uno tras otro, uno detrás de otro

for five days on the trot * — durante cinco días seguidos

Barcelona won five times on the trot * — Barcelona ganó cinco veces seguidas

3)

the trots ** — (=diarrhoea) diarrea f

to have the trots — tener diarrea

2.

VI [horse, rider] trotar, ir al trote; [person] ir trotando

3.

VT [+ horse] hacer trotar

- trot along

- trot out

- trot over

* * *
[trɑːt, trɒt]
I

noun (no pl) trote m

to go at a trot — ir* al trote, trotar

to break into a trot — empezar* a trotar

on the trot — (BrE colloq)

four times/nights on the trot — cuatro veces/noches seguidas

to have the trots — (colloq) tener* diarrea, estar* churriento (Col) or (Chi) churrete (fam), tener* cagalera (Esp) or (Méx) chorrillo (fam)

II
1.

- tt- intransitive verb

a) ( Equ) \<\<horse/rider\>\> trotar

b) (go) (+ adv compl)

I'm just trotting across o over to the library — voy un momento hasta la biblioteca

2.

vt hacer* trotar

Phrasal Verbs:

- trot out

English-spanish dictionary > trot
6 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

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it's five times faster than

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